References for Famous Natural Disasters
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| ID | Type | Keyword | Country | Year | Fast Fact | Reference (linked) | Link | HTML links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Avalanche | - | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). Avalanche. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche | website |
| 4 | Avalanche | - | - | - | - | Deadliest Avalanches in the World History. (n.d.). Geology Science. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Geology Science. |
https://geologyscience.com/gallery/deadliest-avalanches-in-the-world-history/ | website |
| 5 | Avalanche | Wellington | United States | 1910 | In 1910, Wellington, Washington, had a catastrophic avalanche that crushed two trains. The Wellington Disaster is the deadliest avalanche in U.S. history. | "Terror in the Cascades: The 1910 Wellington Disaster." Yesterday's America. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Yesterday's America. |
https://yesterdaysamerica.com/terror-in-the-cascades-the-1910-wellington-disaster/ | website |
| 6 | Avalanche | White Friday | Italy | 1916 | During World War I, on December 13, 1916, powerful avalanches on Mount Marmolada in Italy buried hundreds of Austrian and Italian soldiers. Avalanches continued, killing up to 10,000 soldiers by the end of winter. This event is known as White Friday. | Andrews, P. W. (2019, December 23). "White Friday 1916: History's Deadliest Avalanche Occurred During WWI." [Blog post]. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Paul W. Andrews. |
https://paulwandrews.wordpress.com/2019/12/23/white-friday-1916-historys-deadiest-avalanche-occurred-during-wwi/ | website |
| 7 | Avalanche | Mitsumata Asahi | Japan | 1918 | In 1918, Japan faced two tragic avalanches caused by heavy and powdered snow. The Mitsumata avalanche on January 9 and the Asahi village avalanche 11 days later. | 1918 in Japan. (2023, May 29). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia.
WorldAtlas. (n.d.). "Deadliest Avalanches in History." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from WorldAtlas. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_in_Japan https://www.worldatlas.com/natural-disasters/deadliest-avalanches-in-history.html | website website |
| 8 | Avalanche | Winter of Terror | Switzerland, Austria | 1950-1951 | Dubbed the Winter of Terror, 649 avalanches rocked the Swiss-Austrian Alps over the winter of 1950-1951. | Winter of Terror. (2023, February 28). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_of_Terror | website |
| 9 | Avalanche | Blons | Austria | 1954 | In 1954, the village of Blons, Austria, was hit by two avalanches within 9 hours, wiping out one-third of its population. | 1954 Blons avalanches. (2023, April 21). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Blons_avalanches | website |
| 10 | Avalanche | Huascarán | Peru | 1970 | The 1970 Huascarán avalanche in Peru is one of the deadliest in history, causing 30,000 fatalities. | 1970 Huascarán debris avalanche. (2023, March 17). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Huascar%C3%A1n_debris_avalanche | website |
| 11 | Avalanche | Lahual Valley | India | 1979 | In 1979, Lahaul Valley, India, was hit with an intense snowstorm that triggered devastating avalanches. | The 10 Worst Snow Disasters in History. (2004, February 16). Scientific American. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from the Scientific American website: Scientific American. WorldAtlas. (n.d.). "Deadliest Avalanches in History." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from WorldAtlas. |
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-10-worst-snow-disaste/ https://www.worldatlas.com/natural-disasters/deadliest-avalanches-in-history.html | website website |
| 12 | Avalanche | Galtür | Austria | 1999 | In 1999, a fast-moving avalanche that traveled an incredible 180 mph (290 km/h) hit Galtür, a village in Austria. | "1999 Galtür avalanche." (2023, May 4). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Galt%C3%BCr_avalanche | website |
| 13 | Avalanche | Chamonix | France | 1999 | In 1999, a major avalanche hit Chamonix, a famous ski area in the French Alps, covering it with 100,000 tons of snow, some places up to 16 ft (5 m) deep. | 1999 Montroc avalanche. (2022, July 5). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Montroc_avalanche | website |
| 14 | Avalanche | Kolka | Russia | 2002 | In 2002, part of the Kolka Glacier in Russia shattered, setting off an avalanche of ice, snow, and rocks that devastated several small villages below. | Kolka Glacier Avalanche. (2004, September 9). Earth Observatory. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from NASA Earth Observatory. |
https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Kolka | website |
| 15 | Avalanche | Salang | Afghanistan | 2010 | In 2010, 17 avalanches (in one day) hit the Salang Pass in Afghanistan. The snow buried miles of roads, trapped vehicles, and caused over 160 fatalities. | Salang Pass. (2022, December 13). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salang_Pass | website |
| 16 | Avalanche | Pakistan | Pakistan | 2010 | The 2010 Northern Pakistan avalanche was a series of avalanches, one of the worst in Pakistan’s history. | Geology Science. (n.d.). "Deadliest Avalanches in World History." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Geology Science. |
https://geologyscience.com/gallery/deadliest-avalanches-in-the-world-history/ | website |
| 17 | Avalanche | Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 2015 | In 2015, a series of deadly avalanches battered northern areas of Afghanistan. | 2015 Afghanistan avalanches. (2023, April 5). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Afghanistan_avalanches | website |
| 18 | Avalanche | Mount Everest | Nepal | 2015 | In 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal, triggering a tragic avalanche on Mount Everest, the deadliest in its history. | 2015 Mount Everest avalanches. (2023, May 16). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Mount_Everest_avalanches | website |
| 19 | Avalanche | Kashmir | Pakistan-controlled Kashmir | 2020 | In 2020 a series of avalanches hit Kashmir’s Neelum Valley, killing at least 77 people. | CNN. (2020, January 15). "Avalanche Buries Skiers in Pakistan-Controlled Kashmir, Killing at Least 77." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from CNN. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 5). 2020 Neelum Valley avalanche. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:57, June 14, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/15/asia/kashmir-pakistan-avalanche-intl-hnk/index.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Neelum_Valley_avalanche | website website |
| 20 | Drought | - | - | - | - | World Economic Forum. (2019, May). "5 Droughts That Changed Human History." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from World Economic Forum. |
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/5-droughts-that-changed-human-history/ | website |
| 21 | Drought | Grande Seca | Brazil | 1877 | The Grande Seca, which translates to "Great Drought," was an extremely deadly drought in Brazil between 1877 to 1878. Over 400,000 lives were lost. | "Grande Seca." (2023, April 22). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Seca | website |
| 22 | Drought | Federation | Australia | 1895 - 1903 | The Federation Drought, 1895 - 1903, was the worst in Australia's history. The continent lost more than 40% of its cattle. | National Museum of Australia. (n.d.). "Federation Drought." Digital Classroom. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from National Museum of Australia. |
https://digital-classroom.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/federation-drought | website |
| 23 | Drought | Dust Bowl | United States | 1930s | The 1930s Dust Bowl drought in the Great Plains region of the U.S. was a historic drought that lasted nearly ten years. About 3.5 million people had to flee the conditions | "Dust Bowl." (2023, June 4). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl | |
| 24 | Drought | Sahel | Africa | 1960s - 1980s | The Sahel region in Africa has a long history of drought. It experienced a severe drought and famine from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, causing 100,000 fatalities. | "Sahel drought." (2023, May 2). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel_drought | |
| 25 | Drought | Great Drought | Chile | 1968 | The Great Drought of 1968 is one of the worst in Chile's history. Among many losses, 1 million sheep died. | "Drought in Chile." (2023, May 2). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drought_in_Chile#Great_Drought_of_1968 | |
| 26 | Drought | British Isles | British Isles | 1976 | The British Isles experienced a severe drought in 1976. It was one of the driest periods in its history. | "1976 British Isles heat wave." (2023, May 12). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_British_Isles_heat_wave | |
| 27 | Drought | Ethiopia | Ethiopia | 1980s | A severe drought in Ethiopia in the 1980s contributed to the Ethiopian Famine, one of the worst humanitarian events of the 20th century. | World Vision. (2022, November 3.). "1980s Ethiopia Famine Facts." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from World Vision. |
https://www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/1980s-ethiopia-famine-facts | |
| 28 | Drought | Millennium | Australia | 1996 - 2010 | The Millennium Drought in Australia, 1996 - 2010, lasted longer and affected a wider area than any other drought in southern Australia in the last 400 years. | The Conversation. (2018, May 1). "Recent Australian droughts may be the worst in 800 years." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from The Conversation. |
https://theconversation.com/recent-australian-droughts-may-be-the-worst-in-800-years-94292 | |
| 29 | Drought | Iran | Iran | 1999 - 2001 | Iran, a drought-prone country, experienced severe droughts in 1999 and 2000. It affected over half the country's population, and at least 800,000 small animals died. | OCHA. (2000, August 22). "United Nations Technical Mission on the drought situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from ReliefWeb. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 6). Water scarcity in Iran. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:57, June 15, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://reliefweb.int/report/iran-islamic-republic/united-nations-technical-mission-drought-situation-islamic-republic-0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity_in_Iran | |
| 30 | Drought | Chile | Chile | 2010 | In 2010 another megadrought began in Chile on the same scale as the Great Drought of 1968. | Impakter. (2022, April 19). "Chile's 12-Year Drought and Water Rationing" by Elizabeth Partsch. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Impakter. |
https://impakter.com/chile-12-year-drought-water-rationing/ | |
| 31 | Drought | Texas | United States | 2011 | Texas encountered one of its worst droughts in 2011, causing billions of dollars in crop and livestock losses. | The University of Texas at Austin. (2021, October 6). "Record-Breaking Texas Drought More Severe Than Previously Thought." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from UT News. |
https://news.utexas.edu/2021/10/06/record-breaking-texas-drought-more-severe-than-previously-thought/ | |
| 32 | Drought | California | United States | 2011 - 2017 | California had a historic drought from 2011 - 2017, causing the governor to declare a statewide emergency. | National Integrated Drought Information System. (n.d.). "California: No Stranger to Dry Conditions, but the Drought from 2011 to 2017 Was Exceptional." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from drought.gov. |
https://www.drought.gov/california-no-stranger-dry-conditions-drought-2011-2017-was-exceptional | |
| 33 | Drought | Horn of Africa | Africa | 2020 | The Horn of Africa regularly faces devastating droughts, but 2020 marked the beginning of its worst drought in 40 years. | "2020-2023 Horn of Africa Drought."(2023, May 19). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020-2023_Horn_of_Africa_Drought | |
| 34 | Drought | Syria Iraq | Syria, Iraq | 2021 | In 2021 a record drought impacted millions of people in Syria and Iraq. | Al Jazeera. (2021, August 23). "Water Crisis and Drought Threaten 12 Million in Syria, Iraq." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Al Jazeera. |
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/23/water-crisis-and-drought-threaten-12-million-in-syria-iraq | |
| 35 | Drought | China | China | 2022 | The 2022 drought in China was the country's longest and most severe drought in six decades. It even caused parts of the Yangtze River, the world's 3rd largest river, to dry up. | WION. (2022, September). Drought in China causes Yangtze river to dry up; lakes & ponds reduced to rocks & pebbles [Video file]. Retrieved from YouTube
BBC. (2022, August 24). What China's worst drought on record looks like. Retrieved from BBC. |
https://youtu.be/coeAQYSHjIU https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-62644870 | |
| 36 | Earthquake | - | - | - | - | USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. (2019, June 26). "20 Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from USGS. |
https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/science/20-largest-earthquakes-world-1900 | |
| 37 | Earthquake | San Francisco | United States | 1906 | The Great 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused devastating fires to sweep through the city. It destroyed 80% of San Francisco, and over 3,000 died. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 3). "1906 San Francisco earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. California Historical Society. (2020, April 15). "1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire: Relief and Reconstruction." Retrieved June 5, 2023, from California Historical Society. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake https://californiahistoricalsociety.org/blog/1906-san-francisco-earthquake-and-fire-relief-and-reconstruction/ | |
| 38 | Earthquake | Great Kantō | Japan | 1923 | The Great Kantō earthquake of 1923 struck Japan with a magnitude of 7.9. It caused terrible fires to break out, and 100,000 died. | Wikipedia contributors.(2023, May 29). "1923 Great Kant? earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake | |
| 39 | Earthquake | Assam Tibet | India, China | 1950 | The 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake happened in the area between the Himalayas and the Hengduan mountains, and shook India and China equally. The 8.6-8.7 magnitude quake caused 4,800 casualties. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 15). 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:00, June 16, 2023, from Wikipedia. Grandmaa's Tales. (n.d.). LIVE VISUALS | 85 YEARS OLD SURVIVOR | GREAT 1950 ASSAM-TIBET EARTHQUAKE. Retrieved from YouTube. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquake https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PW9xmRQOeNU&t=19s | |
| 40 | Earthquake | Kamchatka | Russia | 1952 | The 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake off the coast of Kamchatka, Russia, was a powerful 9.0 magnitude quake that led to a massive tsunami, killing over 2,300 people. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:50, June 16, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Severo-Kurilsk_earthquake | |
| 41 | Earthquake | Valdivia | Southern Chile | 1960 | The 1960 Valdivia Earthquake is the most powerful earthquake in world history. It struck Southern Chile with a magnitude of 9.5 and shook for 10 mins. | National Geographic. (n.d.). "Valdivia Earthquake Strikes Chile." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from National Geographic. |
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/valdivia-earthquake-strikes-chile/ | |
| 42 | Earthquake | Great Alaska | United States | 1964 | The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964 is the most powerful in U.S. history. It had a magnitude of 9.2 and lasted 4-5 minutes, causing several deadly tsunamis. | USGS. (n.d.). "The Great Alaska Earthquake and Tsunamis of 1964." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from USGS. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). 1964 Alaska earthquake. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 06:15, June 12, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/alaska1964/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Alaska_earthquake | |
| 43 | Earthquake | Mexico City | Mexico | 1985 | In 1985, Mexico City faced a powerful 8.0 magnitude earthquake that shook for 3-4 minutes, causing terrible destruction. | Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, September 12). "Mexico City earthquake of 1985." Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Britannica. |
https://www.britannica.com/event/Mexico-City-earthquake-of-1985 | |
| 44 | Earthquake | Armenian | Armenia | 1988 | The 1988 Armenian earthquake shook the area with a magnitude of 6.8. Over 25,000 died, and up to 130,000 were injured. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 3). "1988 Armenian earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Armenian_earthquake | |
| 45 | Earthquake | Loma Prieta | United States | 1989 | In 1989 the 6.9-magnitude Loma Prieta earthquake devastated the San Francisco Bay Area. It damaged buildings, bridges and interrupted a live World Series game. | California Geological Survey. (n.d.). "Loma Prieta Earthquake." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from California Geological Survey. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 29). "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/earthquakes/loma-prieta https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake | |
| 46 | Earthquake | Northridge | United States | 1994 | In 1994, the 6.7 magnitude Northridge earthquake shook San Fernando Valley, CA. It caused widespread destruction, including the partial collapse of major freeways, and became one of the costliest in U.S. history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 16). "1994 Northridge earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. U.S. Geological Survey. (1996). "The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire: A 100-Year Retrospective." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from USGS. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Northridge_earthquake https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr-96-0263/execsum.htm | |
| 47 | Earthquake | Indian Ocean | Indonesia | 2004 | The day after Christmas 2004, a powerful 9.1-9.3 earthquake shook the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, triggering a catastrophically deadly tsunami. | History.com Editors. (n.d.). "Tsunami Devastates Indian Ocean Coast." Retrieved June 2, 2023, from History.com. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 4). "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/tsunami-devastates-indian-ocean-coast https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami | |
| 48 | Earthquake | Haiti | Haiti | 2010 | In 2010, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake hit Haiti, causing over 300,00 fatalities. It was one of the worst disasters in history. | Pallardy, R. (2023, January 11). "2010 Haiti earthquake." Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Britannica. |
https://www.britannica.com/event/2010-Haiti-earthquake | |
| 49 | Earthquake | Christchurch | New Zealand | 2011 | In 2011, a major earthquake hit Christchurch, New Zealand, with a magnitude of 6.3. It only lasted 10 seconds, but the damage was severe. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 29). "2011 Christchurch earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake | |
| 50 | Earthquake | Tōhoku | Japan | 2011 | The Tōhoku earthquake, known as the Great East Japan Earthquake, was a 9.0-magnitude earthquake that struck off the coast of Japan in 2011. It was Japan's most powerful earthquake on record. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 4). "2011 T?hoku earthquake and tsunami." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami | |
| 51 | Earthquake | Kathmandu | Nepal | 2015 | In 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal, experienced a devastating 7.8-magnitude earthquake and two large aftershocks. | Rafferty, J. P. (2023, April 18). "Nepal earthquake of 2015." Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from Britannica. |
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nepal-earthquake-of-2015 | |
| 52 | Flood | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 5). "List of deadliest floods." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deadliest_floods | ||
| 53 | Flood | St. Marcellus | Various European | 1362 | St. Marcellus’s flood of 1362 was a deadly flood caused by a cyclone. The sea flooded across the British Isles, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany, making parts of the mainland into islands. Anywhere from 25,000 to 100,000 people drowned. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 3). "Saint Marcellus's flood." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. Andrews, E. (2023, May 31). "World's Most Catastrophic Floods in Photos." Retrieved June 5, 2023, from History.com. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Marcellus%27s_flood https://www.history.com/news/worlds-most-catastrophic-floods-in-photos | |
| 54 | Flood | Bristol Channel | United Kingdom | 1607 | The 1607 Bristol Channel floods swept over the UK coastal area, wreaking havoc. About 2,000 people died in the 200-square-mile (518-square-kilometers) flood. | Andrews, E. (2023, May 31). "World's Most Catastrophic Floods in Photos." Retrieved June 5, 2023, from History.com. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, February 18). 1607 Bristol Channel floods. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:55, June 15, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.history.com/news/worlds-most-catastrophic-floods-in-photos https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1607_Bristol_Channel_floods | |
| 55 | Flood | Yellow River | China | 1887 | The 1887 Yellow River Flood killed at least 930,000 people in China, one of the worst in the world. | Wilson, M. (2023, April 7). The 6 Biggest Floods Ever Recorded on Earth. A-Z Animals Blog. Retrieved from A-Z Animals Blog. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 16). 1887 Yellow River flood. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:44, June 15, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://a-z-animals.com/blog/the-biggest-floods-ever-recorded-on-earth/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1887_Yellow_River_flood | |
| 56 | Flood | Johnstown | United States | 1889 | Johnstown, Pennsylvania, suffered a catastrophic flood in 1889 when the South Fork Dam failed, causing 2,200 fatalities. | Andrews, E. (2023, May 31). "World's Most Catastrophic Floods in Photos." Retrieved June 5, 2023, from History.com. |
https://www.history.com/news/worlds-most-catastrophic-floods-in-photos | |
| 57 | Flood | Mississippi | United States | 1927 | The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 was one of the most destructive floods in U.S. history. The Mississippi River grew to 60 miles (96 km) wide in some areas. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 3). "Great Mississippi Flood of 1927." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mississippi_Flood_of_1927 | |
| 58 | Flood | Yangtze River | China | 1931 | The 1931 Yangtze River flood in China was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history, with about 3.7 million fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors.(2023, May 31). "1931 China floods." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_China_floods | |
| 59 | Flood | Great Flood | United States | 1951 | The Great Flood of 1951 was one of the most destructive floods in Kansas history. Then President Harry Truman called it "one of the worst this country has ever suffered from water." | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 30). "Great Flood of 1951." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1951 | |
| 60 | Flood | Red River | Vietnam | 1971 | The 1971 Red River flood was one of Vietnam's most devastating natural disasters, causing 100,000 deaths. | WikiSummaries. (2022, November 10). "Heavy Rains Flood the Red River Delta." Retrieved June 5, 2023, from WikiSummaries. |
https://wikisummaries.org/heavy-rains-flood-the-red-river-delta/ | |
| 61 | Flood | Black Hills | United States | 1972 | The 1972 Black Hills Flood, or the Rapid City Flood, was a record flood in South Dakota. Nearly 15 inches (38 cm) of rain fell in about 6 hours in one area. | U.S. Geological Survey. (2017, September 21). "1972 Black Hills - Rapid City Flood." Retrieved June 5, 2023, from U.S. Geological Survey. |
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/dakota-water-science-center/science/1972-black-hills-rapid-city-flood | |
| 62 | Flood | Banqiao Dam | China | 1975 | In 1975, the Banqiao Dam and 61 other dams collapsed due to Typhoon Nina. The water flooded 30 cities in China, destroying 5 million homes. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 14). 1975 Banqiao Dam failure. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:25, June 15, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure | |
| 63 | Flood | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | 1998 | Bangladesh faced a catastrophic flood in 1998, impacting millions of people. Over 75% of the country was flooded. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, June 28). "1998 in Bangladesh." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_in_Bangladesh | |
| 65 | Flood | Colombia | Colombia | 2010 | Colombia experienced a destructive flood in 2010 due to heavy rain from the La Niña weather phenomenon. Flooding affected 70% of the country. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 3). "2010 Colombian rainy season." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Colombian_rainy_season | |
| 66 | Flood | Pakistan | Pakistan | 2010 | Pakistan had a catastrophic flood in 2010 due to heavy monsoon rains. There were at least 1,985 fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 3). "2010 Pakistan floods." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Pakistan_floods | |
| 67 | Flood | Thailand | Thailand | 2011 | The 2011 Thailand floods submerged nearly 400,000 acres of land and impacted almost 9 million people. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 19). "2011 Thailand floods." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Thailand_floods | |
| 68 | Flood | Kashmir | India–Pakistan | 2014 | The 2014 India–Pakistan floods occurred in the Kashmir region due to extreme rainfall. It is one of the worst floods in the region’s history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 3). "Indian Armed Forces and the Jammu and Kashmir floods, 2014." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_and_the_Jammu_and_Kashmir_floods,_2014 | |
| 70 | Flood | Kerala | India | 2018 | Kerala, India, had a catastrophic flood in 2018. The Indian government declared the event a Level 3 Calamity, the country's most severe classification. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 30). "2018 Kerala floods." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Kerala_floods | |
| 71 | Hailstorm | - | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). "List of costly or deadly hailstorms." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_costly_or_deadly_hailstorms | |
| 72 | Hailstorm | Black Monday | England | 1360 | Black Monday happened on Easter Monday in 1360 when a massive hailstorm surprised the English army during the Hundred Years’ War, killing 1,000 soldiers. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 4). "Black Monday (1360)." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Monday_(1360) | |
| 73 | Hailstorm | Britian | United Kingdom | 1843 | In 1843, Britain experienced one of its worst hailstorms. Hail piled up to almost 5 ft (1.5 m) in some areas. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). "List of costly or deadly hailstorms." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_costly_or_deadly_hailstorms | |
| 74 | Hailstorm | Moradabad | India | 1888 | The 1888 Moradabad Hail was a severe hailstorm that hit the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Hailstones were as big as oranges. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). "1888 Moradabad hailstorm." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_Moradabad_hailstorm | |
| 75 | Hailstorm | Potter | United States | 1928 | In 1928, a hailstorm in Potter, Nebraska, formed historic hailstones, the largest of its time, measuring 1.5 lb (.68 kg) and 17 inches (43 cm) around. | "Historic Natural Events." Nature, 126, 41 (1930). Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Nature. |
https://www.nature.com/articles/126041b0 | |
| 76 | Hailstorm | California | United States | 1960 | In 1960, a hailstorm with giant golf ball to baseball-sized hailstones hit Southern California, the largest hail recorded in the area’s history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). "List of costly or deadly hailstorms." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_costly_or_deadly_hailstorms | |
| 77 | Hailstorm | Munich | Germany | 1984 | In 1984, a hailstorm hit Munich, Germany, with tennis ball-sized hailstones that caused an estimated 3 billion Deutschmark in damage. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). "List of costly or deadly hailstorms." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_costly_or_deadly_hailstorms | |
| 78 | Hailstorm | Gopalganj | Bangladesh | 1986 | The 1986 Gopalganj, Bangladesh Hailstorm had record-sized hailstones, measuring 2.2 lbs (1 kg). Approximately 92 were killed by the giant falling balls of ice. | History and Headlines. (n.d.). "All Hail Hail." Retrieved June 6, 2023, from History and Headlines. Burt, C. C. (2018, April 27). Record Hailstorms and Hailstones in the U.S. In Wunderground. Retrieved June 15, 2023, from Wunderground. |
https://www.historyandheadlines.com/all-hail-hail/ https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/record-hailstorms-and-hailstones-us | |
| 79 | Hailstorm | Kathmandu | Nepal | 1988 | In 1988, a sudden hailstorm caused panic and a tragic stampede at a soccer match in Kathmandu, Nepal. | History.com. (2020, March 10). Hail causes stampede at soccer match in Nepal. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from History.com. |
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hail-causes-stampede-at-soccer-match-in-nepal | |
| 80 | Hailstorm | Mayfest | United States | 1995 | The 1995 Mayfest Storm in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, produced hailstones the size of softballs. Four hundred were injured. | "1995 Mayfest Storm." (2023, April 12). In Wikiwand. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikiwand. |
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/1995_Mayfest_Storm | |
| 81 | Hailstorm | Sydney | Australia | 1999 | The 1999 Sydney hailstorm was the most expensive in Australia's history, costing nearly $4 billion. Over 500,000 tons of hailstones smashed the city. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 14). "1999 Sydney hailstorm." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Sydney_hailstorm | |
| 82 | Hailstorm | Chicago | United States | 2000 | In 2000, a massive hailstorm hit Chicago, Illinois, that canceled around 100 flights and disrupted power to 100,000 homes. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). "List of costly or deadly hailstorms." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_costly_or_deadly_hailstorms | |
| 83 | Hailstorm | Tristate | United States | 2001 | The 2001 Tristate Hailstorm was one of the largest (in area) and longest (in distance). The historic storm moved from Kansas City to St. Louis to southern Illinois, causing extensive damage. Many car dealerships lost their entire inventory, and thousands of homes were damaged. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 13). Tornado outbreak of April 10–11, 2001. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:32, June 16, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_10%E2%80%9311,_2001#Tri-state_hailstorm | |
| 84 | Hailstorm | Phoenix | United States | 2010 | In 2010, a severe hailstorm hit Phoenix, Arizona, with 2-inch (5-cm) hailstones. The storm cost more than $2.7 billion in damage. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 9). "October 2010 Arizona tornado outbreak and hailstorm." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2010_Arizona_tornado_outbreak_and_hailstorm | |
| 85 | Hailstorm | Brisbane | Australia | 2014 | The 2014 Brisbane hailstorm in Brisbane, Australia, had wind speeds up to 88 mph (141 km/h) and caused over $1 billion in damage. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 7). 2014 Brisbane hailstorm. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Brisbane_hailstorm | |
| 86 | Hailstorm | Denver | United States | 2017 | In 2017, Denver, Colorado, had a terrible storm that hit the city with baseball-sized hailstones. It is one of the most catastrophic storms in the state’s history. |
The Washington Post. (2017, May 25). Remember that crazy hail storm in Denver? It's going to be Colorado's costliest catastrophe. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from The Washington Post. |
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/05/25/remember-that-crazy-hail-storm-in-denver-its-going-to-be-colorados-costliest-catastrophe/ | |
| 87 | Hailstorm | Hailstorm Alley | Canada | 2020 | Hailstorm Alley is an area that runs through Calgary, Canada and is known for frequent and intense hailstorms. In 2020, tennis ball-sized hailstones fell from the sky at 50-62 mph (80-100 km/h), causing over $1.2 billion in damages. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 3). "Hailstorm Alley." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. CBC News. (2020, July 14). Calgary hailstorm causes costly damage. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from CBC News. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hailstorm_Alley https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-hailstorm-costly-damage-1.5642317 | |
| 88 | Heatwave | - | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 31). List of heat waves. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. Cohen, J. (2023, June 1). "Heat Waves Throughout History." History. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from History. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heat_waves https://www.history.com/news/heat-waves-throughout-history | |
| 89 | Heatwave | Death Valley Furnace Creek | United States | 1913 | The hottest heatwave to ever hit California happened in 1913. In Furnace Creek, Death Valley, the temperature measured 134 °F (56.7 °C)—the highest ambient air recorded on Earth. | "Highest temperature recorded on Earth." (2023, May 27). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_temperature_recorded_on_Earth | |
| 90 | Heatwave | Australian Black Friday | Australia | 1938-1939 | The Australian Heatwave of 1938-1939, known as the "Black Friday Bushfires," is one of Australia's most severe natural disasters. The extreme heat and strong winds caused hazardous fires. | "Black Friday bushfires." (2023, May 7). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_bushfires | |
| 91 | Heatwave | Unites States | United States | 1980 | The United States Heatwave of 1980 caused 1,700 deaths. Some areas experienced more than 40 consecutive days with temperatures exceeding 100 °F (38 °C). | "1980 United States heat wave." (2023, April 19). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_heat_wave | |
| 92 | Heatwave | Greece | Greece | 1987 | The Greece Heatwave of 1987, known as the worst in Greek history, caused more than 1,000 fatalities. Temperatures reached 110.5 °F (43.6 °C). | "Heat Wave Blaze Through Greece, Reminiscent of 1987." (2021, July 26). Greek Reporter. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Greek Reporter. |
https://greekreporter.com/2021/07/26/heat-wave-blaze-through-greece-reminiscent-1987/ | |
| 93 | Heatwave | Chicago | United States | 1995 | The 1995 Chicago heatwave tragically caused the deaths of 739 people. Most were poor elderly residents in the inner city. Many didn't have access to air conditioning and kept their windows closed at night. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 13). 1995 Chicago heat wave. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:08, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_Chicago_heat_wave | |
| 94 | Heatwave | European | Various European | 2003 | The European heatwave in 2003 was one of the worst in history, causing an estimated 70,000 fatalities. | "2003 European heat wave." (2023, May 16). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave | |
| 95 | Heatwave | Russian | Russia | 2010 | The 2010 Russian heatwave claimed over 55,000 lives. Wildfires spread across the country due to the extreme temperatures. | "2010 Russian wildfires." (2023, January 24). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Russian_wildfires | |
| 96 | Heatwave | Argentina | Argentina | 2013 | In 2013, Argentina experienced one of its worst heatwaves on record. It caused many heat-related illnesses. Temperatures reached 113 °F (45 °C). | "Heatwave kills seven in Argentina" (2013, December 31). BBC News. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from BBC News. |
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-25564633 | |
| 97 | Heatwave | India Pakistan | India, Pakistan | 2015 | In 2015, India suffered a catastrophic heatwave with over 2,500 fatalities. Directly following India's, Pakistan had the deadliest heatwave in the country's history, with about 2,000 deaths. | "2015 Indian heat wave." (2023, April 19). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. "2015 Pakistan heat wave." (2023, April 19). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Indian_heat_wave https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Pakistan_heat_wave | |
| 98 | Heatwave | Japan | Japan | 2018 | Japan experienced a record heatwave in 2018. More than 35,000 people went to the hospital for heat-related sickness. | "Unprecedented Japan heatwave kills 65 people in one week." (2018, July 24). The Guardian. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from The Guardian. |
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/24/unprecedented-japan-heatwave-kills-65-people-week | |
| 99 | Heatwave | Woodland Hills | United States | 2020 | In 2020, Woodland Hills set Los Angeles County's record-breaking temperature of 121 °F (49 °C). | "At 121 Degrees, Woodland Hills Hits All-Time Heat Milestone and a Record for L.A. County." (2020, September 6). KTLA 5 News. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from KTLA 5 News. |
https://ktla.com/news/local-news/at-121-degrees-woodland-hills-hits-all-time-heat-milestone-and-a-record-for-l-a-county/ | |
| 100 | Heatwave | Canada | Canada | 2021 | During the 2021 Western North America heatwave, Canada experienced its highest temperature ever recorded at 121.3 °F (49.6 °C) in Lytton, British Columbia. | "2021 Western North America heat wave." (2023, June 1). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Western_North_America_heat_wave | |
| 101 | Heatwave | Asia | Various Asian | 2023 | In April 2023, an extreme heatwave hit many countries in Asia. Six cities in India recorded temperatures above 111 °F (44 °C). There were over 180 fatalities. | "2023 Asia heat wave." (2023, June 3). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Asia_heat_wave | |
| 102 | Hurricane | Great Hurricane | Various | 1780 | The Great Hurricane of 1780 was the deadliest hurricane to hit the Western Hemisphere, causing 22,000 deaths. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 4). Great Hurricane of 1780. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hurricane_of_1780 | |
| 103 | Hurricane | Fifi | Caribbean, Central America | 1974 | Hurricane Fifi was a devastating hurricane that hit the Caribbean and Central America in 1974. Over 8,000 perished. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 28). Hurricane Fifi–Orlene. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Fifi%E2%80%93Orlene | |
| 104 | Hurricane | Camille | United States | 1969 | In 1969, Hurricane Camille, a Category 5 hurricane, decimated the Mississippi coast. It caused 259 fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 28). Hurricane Camille. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Camille | |
| 105 | Hurricane | Andrew | United States | 1992 | In 1992, Hurricane Andrew, a Category 5 hurricane and one of the most powerful in history, hit South Florida and Louisiana. It destroyed over 63,500 houses and 124,000 other structures. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 12). Hurricane Andrew. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew | |
| 106 | Hurricane | Mitch | United States | 1998 | Hurricane Mitch devastated Central America in 1998, causing over 11,374 casualties. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 7). Hurricane Mitch. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Mitch | |
| 107 | Hurricane | Charley | United States | 2004 | Hurricane Charley struck Florida on August 13, 2004, the first of four hurricanes in the 2004 season. It rapidly intensified from a Category 2 to a Category 4 hurricane within 30 hours. | Florida Department of Health. (n.d.). 2004 Hurricane Season Factsheet. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Florida Department of Health. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 28). Hurricane Charley. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:39, June 13, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/climate-and-health/_documents/2004-hurricane-season-factsheet.pdf#:~:text=Although%20small%20in%20size%2C%20Hurricane%20Charley%20was%20a,maximum%20sustained%20winds%20nearing%20150%20mph%20at%20landfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Charley | |
| 108 | Hurricane | Frances | United States | 2004 | Hurricane Frances hit Florida only three weeks after Hurricane Charley on September 5, 2004. | Florida Department of Health. (n.d.). 2004 Hurricane Season Factsheet. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Florida Department of Health. |
https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/climate-and-health/_documents/2004-hurricane-season-factsheet.pdf#:~:text=Although%20small%20in%20size%2C%20Hurricane%20Charley%20was%20a,maximum%20sustained%20winds%20nearing%20150%20mph%20at%20landfall. | |
| 109 | Hurricane | Ivan | United States | 2004 | Hurricane Ivan struck the Gulf Coast, including Florida, less than two weeks after Hurricane Frances on September 16, 2004. | Florida Department of Health. (n.d.). 2004 Hurricane Season Factsheet. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Florida Department of Health. |
https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/climate-and-health/_documents/2004-hurricane-season-factsheet.pdf#:~:text=Although%20small%20in%20size%2C%20Hurricane%20Charley%20was%20a,maximum%20sustained%20winds%20nearing%20150%20mph%20at%20landfall. | |
| 110 | Hurricane | Jeanne | United States | 2004 | Hurricane Jeanne blasted Florida on September 26, 2004, less than two weeks after Hurricane Ivan. 2004 was a particularly severe hurricane season—four hurricanes hit Florida in 6 weeks. | Florida Department of Health. (n.d.). 2004 Hurricane Season Factsheet. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Florida Department of Health. |
https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/climate-and-health/_documents/2004-hurricane-season-factsheet.pdf#:~:text=Although%20small%20in%20size%2C%20Hurricane%20Charley%20was%20a,maximum%20sustained%20winds%20nearing%20150%20mph%20at%20landfall. | |
| 111 | Hurricane | Katrina | United States | 2005 | 2005 Hurricane Katrina turned catastrophic when levees broke and flooded 80% of New Orleans. | Encyclopedia Britannica. (2023, June 2). Hurricane Katrina. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Encyclopedia Britannica. History.com Editors. (2019, August 9). Hurricane Katrina. History. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from History. |
https://www.britannica.com/event/Hurricane-Katrina https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment/hurricane-katrina | |
| 112 | Hurricane | Wilma | United States | 2005 | Hurricane Wilma, 2005, ranks as one of the most intense hurricanes on record in the Atlantic basin based on pressure. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). "Hurricane Wilma." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma | |
| 113 | Hurricane | Sandy | United States, Caribbean | 2012 | In 2012, Hurricane Sandy, a record 1,150 miles (1,850 km) wide, caused significant destruction as it traveled from the Caribbean up the Northeastern U.S. states. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 23). "Hurricane Sandy." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy | |
| 114 | Hurricane | Harvey | United States | 2017 | Hurricane Harvey produced record-breaking rainfall in Texas in 2017, with some areas receiving over 60 inches (152 cm). | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 22). "Hurricane Harvey." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:39, June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey | |
| 115 | Hurricane | Irma | United States, Caribbean | 2017 | 2017 Hurricane Irma maintained 185 mph (297 km/h) winds for 37 hours, longer than any other hurricane on record. | "NPR. (2017, September 12). 'Hurricane Irma Blasts into the Record Books with Lasting Intensity." Retrieved June 8, 2023, from NPR. |
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/12/550188154/hurricane-irma-blasts-into-the-record-books-with-lasting-intensity | |
| 116 | Hurricane | Maria | Puerto Rico | 2017 | Hurricane Maria caused widespread destruction in Puerto Rico in 2017, resulting in a humanitarian crisis. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 20). Effects of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:42, June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico | |
| 117 | Hurricane | Michael | United States | 2018 | 2018 Hurricane Michael became the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the United States since Hurricane Andrew. It caused at least 74 deaths. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 27). Hurricane Michael. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:43, June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Michael | |
| 118 | Landslide/Mudslide | - | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 2). List of landslides. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:22, June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
F2020 | |
| 119 | Landslide/Mudslide | Frank | Canada | 1903 | The Frank Slide of 1903 was the deadliest landslide in Canada's history, burying the mining town of Frank, Alberta. | Government of Canada. (2021, May). Canadian Fatal Landslides Mapped. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Government of Canada. |
https://natural-resources.canada.ca/simply-science/canadian-fatal-landslides-mapped/23659 | |
| 120 | Landslide/Mudslide | Lovatnet | Norway | 1905 | In 1905, a landslide fell into Lake Lovatnet, Norway, from a height of 1,640 ft (500 m), causing a megatsunami of up to 133 ft (40.5 m) tall. The waves caused massive destruction to the villages near the lake. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 10). Lovatnet. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:06, June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovatnet#:~:text=Landslides%20into%20the%20southern%20end%20of%20the%20lake,up%20to%2040.5%20metres%20%28133%20ft%29%20in%20height. | |
| 121 | Landslide/Mudslide | Khait | Russia | 1949 | The Khait landslide, located in Russia (then known as the Soviet Union), was set off by a powerful 7.5-magnitude earthquake and buried 33 villages. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 5). Khait landslide. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:41, June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khait_landslide | |
| 122 | Landslide/Mudslide | Vajont | Italy | 1963 | The Vajont Dam disaster happened in Italy in 1963 when a massive landslide fell into the lake at the dam creating an 820 ft (250 m) tall wave, flooding the towns below. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). Vajont Dam. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:16, June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajont_Dam | |
| 123 | Landslide/Mudslide | Aberfan | Wales | 1966 | The 1966 Aberfan disaster was a devastating mudslide in Wales, burying a school and several houses. | Smith, P. (2022, November 23). The Aberfan Disaster of 1966. Historic Cornwall. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Historic Cornwall. |
https://www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/the-aberfan-disaster-of-1966/ | |
| 124 | Landslide/Mudslide | Hong Kong | China | 1972 | The 1972 landslides in Hong Kong, triggered by heavy rains from Typhoon Rose, devastated multiple apartment buildings and homes. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, November 8). 1972 Hong Kong landslides. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Hong_Kong_landslides | |
| 125 | Landslide/Mudslide | Thredbo | Australia | 1997 | The 1997 Thredbo landslide was a terrible landslide that devastated Thredbo, a ski resort village in New South Wales, Australia, with thousands of tons of debris. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 5). 1997 Thredbo landslide. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Thredbo_landslide | |
| 126 | Landslide/Mudslide | Honduras | Honduras | 1998 | Hurricane Mitch triggered a devastating 500,000 landslides through Honduras in 1998. It damaged about 70% of the roads throughout the whole country. | U.S. Geological Survey. (2000). Digital inventory of landslides and related deposits in Honduras triggered by Hurricane Mitch. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Wikipedia. |
https://www.usgs.gov/publications/digital-inventory-landslides-and-related-deposits-honduras-triggered-hurricane-mitch | |
| 127 | Landslide/Mudslide | Vargas | Venezuela | 1999 | The 1999 Vargas tragedy happened when extreme rains caused flooding and mudslides, burying some neighborhoods under 9.8 ft (3 m) of mud. There were an estimated 10,000–30,000 fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 6). Vargas tragedy. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargas_tragedy | |
| 128 | Landslide/Mudslide | La Conchita | United States | 2005 | The 2005 La Conchita landslide happened near Ventura, California, after 15 days of record rainfall, destroying 13 homes. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 12). La Conchita landslides. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:36, June 9, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Conchita_landslides | |
| 129 | Landslide/Mudslide | Naga | Philippines | 2018 | The Naga, Cebu landslide in the Philippines in 2018, caused by heavy rainfall in the area, destroyed 25 homes and killed at least 35. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 20). 2018 Naga, Cebu landslide. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:43, June 9, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Naga,_Cebu_landslide | |
| 130 | Landslide/Mudslide | Gansu | China | 2010 | The Gansu mudslide was the deadliest disaster during the 2010 China Floods. Over 1,471 deaths were reported. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, February 18). 2010 Gansu mudslide. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Gansu_mudslide | |
| 131 | Landslide/Mudslide | North India | India | 2013 | Landslides caused by the 2013 North India floods contributed to one of the worst natural disasters in the country's history. Over 6,000 lives were lost. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 8). 2013 North India floods. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Wikipedia. The Guardian. (2013, June 20). "Indian landslides leave trapped valley in Uttarakhand." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from The Guardian. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_North_India_floods https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/20/indian-landslides-leave-trapped-valley-uttrakhand | |
| 132 | Landslide/Mudslide | Oso | United States | 2014 | The 2014 Oso landslide in Washington State buried a mile of highway and destroyed about 40 homes. | Communications and Publishing, U.S. Geological Survey. (2019, March 20). "Five Years Later: The Oso (SR 530) Landslide in Washington." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from U.S. Geological Survey. |
https://www.usgs.gov/news/featured-story/five-years-later-oso-sr-530-landslide-washington | |
| 133 | Landslide/Mudslide | Burundi | Burundi | 2020 | The deadly 2019 Burundi landslides happened during an uncommonly heavy rainy season in the East African country, causing great destruction to the area. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, July 27). 2019 Burundi landslides. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Burundi_landslides | |
| 134 | Landslide/Mudslide | Petrópolis | Brazil | 2022 | In 2022, a month's worth of rain poured down on the Brazilian city of Petrópolis within just 3 hours, causing devastating landslides and flooding. | BBC News. (2022, January 17). Petrópolis: Deadly landslides wreak havoc in Brazilian city. BBC News. Retrieved June 8, 2023 from BBC News. |
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-60401611 | |
| 135 | Locust Plague | Rocky Mountain Great Plains | United States, Canada | 1874 | In the Locust Plague of 1874, hordes of Rocky Mountain locusts invaded the Great Plains region of the United States and Canada. Potentially trillions of grasshoppers swarmed vast areas of farmland, causing significant damage. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 1). Locust Plague of 1874. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:17, June 9, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust_Plague_of_1874 | |
| 136 | Locust Plague | Ottoman Syria | Palestine, Lebanon, Syria | 1915 | The Ottoman Syria Locust Infestation of 1915 devastated the food supply of Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria during World War I, causing a wide-spread famine that claimed many lives. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 4). 1915 Ottoman Syria locust infestation. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:17, June 9, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_Ottoman_Syria_locust_infestation | |
| 137 | Locust Plague | Australia | Australia | 1973-1975 | One of Australia's most severe locust plagues happened in 1973-1974. The Australian plague locust multiplied rapidly and formed massive swarms, destroying crops over vast areas. The event brought rise to The Australian Plague Locust Commission to handle future plagues. | Le Gall, M., Overson, R., & Cease, A. (2019). "A Global Review on Locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Their Interactions With Livestock Grazing Practices." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 263. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00263. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2019.00263/full | |
| 138 | Locust Plague | North Africa West Africa | Various African | 2003-2005 | The Africa Locust Infestation of 2003-2005 impacted over 20 North and West African countries. Over 8 million hectares of crops and pastures were damaged, endangering the food security and livelihoods of over 10 million people. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 17). 2003–2005 Africa locust infestation. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:19, June 9, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%932005_Africa_locust_infestation | |
| 139 | Locust Plague | Madagascar | Madagascar | 2013 | The Madagascar Locust Infestation of 2013 put millions of people's food security and livelihoods at risk. The migratory locusts damaged a vast area of crops and pastures. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 19). 2013 Madagascar locust infestation. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:12, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. The Guardian. (2013, July 12). "Madagascar battling worst locust plague since 1950s" Retrieved June 9, 2023 from The Guardian. (Tran, M.) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Madagascar_locust_infestation https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/jul/12/madagascar-locust-plague | |
| 140 | Locust Plague | Egypt Israel | Egypt, Israel | 2013 | In 2013, at least 20 swarms of locusts, each with over 80 million insects, began in Egypt and crossed the border into Israel. | NPR. (2013, March 7). "Egypt's Locust Plague Threatens Israel." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from NPR. (Neuman, S.) |
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/03/07/173704437/egypts-locust-plague-threatens-israel | |
| 141 | Locust Plague | Argentina | Argentina | 2016 | In 2016, massive swarms of locusts invaded Argentina. There were sightings of swarms that were 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) wide. | January 2016 Argentine locust swarm. (2023, May 16). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:55, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. IFLScience. (n.d.). "Four-Mile-Wide Swarms of Locust Are Plaguing Argentina." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from IFLScience. ABC News. (2016, February 1). "Argentina Infested by Swarms of Locusts." Retrieved June 10, 2023, from ABC News. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2016_Argentine_locust_swarm https://www.iflscience.com/four-mile-wide-swarms-locust-are-plaguing-argentina-33489 https://abcnews.go.com/International/argentina-infested-swarms-locusts/story?id=36600668 | |
| 142 | Locust Plague | Horn of Africa Yemen | Africa | 2019-2022 | An extreme locust infestation began in June 2019, primarily in the Horn of Africa and Yemen, spreading to Iran, Pakistan, India, and South America. By the end of the outbreak in February 2022, the locust swarms had damaged 23 countries. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 14). 2019–2022 locust infestation. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:01, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_locust_infestation | |
| 143 | Locust Plague | Somalia Ethiopia | Somalia, Ethiopia | 2020 | In 2020, the most extensive locust infestation in 25 years hit Somalia and Ethiopia. The locust even swarmed an Ethiopian Airlines plane, forcing an emergency landing. | BBC News. (2020, February 2). "East Africa locust outbreak sparks calls for international help." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from BBC News. |
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51348517 | |
| 144 | Locust Plague | China | China | 2020 | In 2020, China used drones and chemicals to prevent swarms of locusts from entering their territory. | Caixin Global. (2020, July 31). "Chinese Authorities Deploy Fleets of Drones to Battle Locust Invasion." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Caixin Global. |
https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-07-31/chinese-authorities-deploy-fleets-of-drones-to-battle-locust-invasion-101587143.html | |
| 145 | Meteor Strike | Chicxulub | Mexico | 66 million years ago | The Chicxulub crater off the coast of Mexico, formed by a meteorite impact about 66 million years ago, may have contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 28). Chicxulub crater. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:37, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicxulub_crater | |
| 146 | Meteor Strike | Hoba | Namibia | About 80,000 years ago | The Hoba meteorite hit Namibia about 80,000 years ago. It weighs over 66 tons and is the largest intact meteor found. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 20). Hoba meteorite. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:57, June 26, 2023, from Wikipedia. "Did You Know?" (n.d.). World’s Largest Meteorite Weights Over 100K Pounds But No One Knows Where It Came From. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from YouTube. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoba_meteorite https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lJwXquFpHw&list=PLqQn5jLcLVOvHLg7IkzTRtGMvrspPmUJK&index=18 | |
| 147 | Meteor Strike | Odessa | United States | About 63,000 years ago | The Odessa Meteor Crater near Odessa, Texas, was created about 63,000 years ago when a small but extremely fast meteor struck the Earth. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, July 27). Odessa Meteor Crater. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:40, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa_Meteor_Crater | |
| 148 | Meteor Strike | Canyon Diablo | United States | Around 50,000 years ago | The Canyon Diablo meteorite fell in present-day Arizona around 50,000 years ago, leaving a large impact crater. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, September 7). Canyon Diablo (meteorite). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:38, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canyon_Diablo_(meteorite) | |
| 153 | Meteor Strike | Willamette | United States | 1902 | The Willamette meteorite, found in Oregon in 1902, weighs over 15 tons and is estimated to be over 10,000 years old. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 28). Willamette Meteorite. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:42, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette_Meteorite | |
| 150 | Meteor Strike | Morasko | Poland | 1914 | Morasko refers to a group of meteorites that fell in Poland about 5,000 years ago, first discovered by soldiers digging a WWI trench in 1914. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 6). Morasko Meteorite Nature Reserve. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:40, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. Notkin, G. (n.d.). Meteorite Men | S03 E01 | Morasko Craters Poland. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from YouTube. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morasko_Meteorite_Nature_Reserve https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i10oYQIkeI&list=PLqQn5jLcLVOvHLg7IkzTRtGMvrspPmUJK&index=12 | |
| 149 | Meteor Strike | Henbury | Australia | About 4,700 years ago | Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve, in Australia, contains 12 craters formed by meteorites about 4,700 years ago. The site has a campground, but you can't collect souvenirs if you find any meteor rocks. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, February 15). Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:40, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henbury_Meteorites_Conservation_Reserve | |
| 152 | Meteor Strike | Wabar | Saudi Arabia | Several hundred years ago | Wabar is a group of meteorites that fell in Saudi Arabia several hundred years ago. They are known for their unique dark and glassy appearance. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, January 21). Wabar craters. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:39, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wabar_craters | |
| 154 | Meteor Strike | Tunguska | Russia | 1908 | The 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, Russia, is widely believed to have occurred when a giant meteor exploded with a force 185 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb, flattening around 80 million trees. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 24). Tunguska event. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:42, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. "RealLifeLore" (n.d.). What If the 1908 Tunguska Asteroid Hit Earth Today? Retrieved June 24, 2023, from YouTube. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-e1htTLHSI | |
| 155 | Meteor Strike | Sikhote Alin | Russia | 1947 | The Sikhote-Alin meteorite fell in Siberia, Russia, in 1947. Many people witnessed the bright fireball and heard the loud sonic booms it caused. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, March 25). Sikhote-Alin meteorite. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:43, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhote-Alin_meteorite | |
| 156 | Meteor Strike | Allende | Mexico | 1969 | The Allende meteorite fell over Chihuahua, Mexico, in 1969. Eyewitnesses saw the bright fireball and watched it explode. It's known as "the best-studied meteorite in history." | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 11). Allende meteorite. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:44, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allende_meteorite | |
| 157 | Meteor Strike | Jilin | Jilin, China | 1976 | The Jilin meteorite fell near Jilin, China, in 1976. Out of the 4.4 tons collected, a massive 1.95-ton piece stayed intact. | Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Jilin meteorite. In Oxford Reference. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Oxford Reference. |
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100020767 | |
| 158 | Meteor Strike | Peekskill | United States | 1992 | In 1992 the Peekskill meteorite fell in New York state, captured on 16 separate video recordings. It ended up hitting an old Chevy Malibu parked in a residential driveway. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, March 10). "Peekskill meteorite." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peekskill_meteorite | |
| 159 | Meteor Strike | Tagish Lake | Canada | 2000 | Scientists say the Tagish Lake meteorite that fell in Canada in 2000 originated from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 30). "Tagish Lake (meteorite)." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagish_Lake_(meteorite) | |
| 160 | Meteor Strike | Bassikounou | Mauritania | 2006 | In 2006, people witnessed a fiery meteorite fall over Bassikounou, Mauritania, in Africa. The rocks collected contain rare copper and have a black fusion crust. | Buhl, S., & Baermann, M. (2007). "The Bassikounou Meteorite Fall – Descriptive Catalog of the Recovered Masses." Retrieved June 9, 2033 from Meteorite Recon website: Meteorite-Recon. Lunar and Planetary Institute. (2023, June 3). "Meteoritical Bulletin Database - Bassikounou." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Lunar and Planetary Institute website: Lunar and Planetary Institute. |
https://www.meteorite-recon.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Buhl_Baermann_Catalog https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=44876 | |
| 161 | Meteor Strike | Carancas | Peru | 2007 | Thousands of people watched the Carancas meteorite fall in Peru in 2007. It had as much force as about 100 tons of exploding TNT. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, February 26). "2007 Carancas impact event." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:00, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. Jackson, L. E., Brown, P., Melosh, J., & Hill, D. (2008, July). Meteorite Strikes Peru! Retrieved June 9, 2023 from Geotimes.org. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Carancas_impact_event http://www.geotimes.org/july08/article.html?id=feature_meteorite.html | |
| 162 | Monsoon | - | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 27). Monsoon. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:21, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon | |
| 163 | Monsoon | Bengal | Indian region of Bengal | 1770 | The devastating Bengal famine in 1770 resulted from the failure of monsoon rains, leading to severe drought and loss of crops in the Indian region. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 15). Great Bengal famine of 1770. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:22, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770 | |
| 164 | Monsoon | New Delhi | India | 1978 | In 1978, India saw devastating monsoon flooding. Much of the capital city of New Delhi was underwater. | Grunge. (2023, April 1). "The Worst Monsoon Disasters in History." Retrieved from June 11, 2023 Grunge. Iran English Radio Blog. (2013, September 4). "India 1978: Longer Monsoon Season Causes Massive Flooding - 4th Sept 1978." Retrieved from June 11, 2023 Iran English Radio Blog. |
https://www.grunge.com/1241261/worst-monsoon-disasters-history/ https://iranenglishradioblog.wordpress.com/2013/09/04/india-1978-india-longer-monsoon-season-causes-massive-flooding-4th-sept-1978/ | |
| 165 | Monsoon | Thailand | Thailand | 1983 | In 1983, heavy monsoon rains hit Thailand. Many people caught water-borne illnesses due to flooding. | Grunge. (2023, April 1). "The Worst Monsoon Disasters in History." Retrieved from June 11, 2023 Grunge. Guinness World Records. "Worst Monsoon." Retrieved from June 11, 2023 Guinness World Records. |
https://www.grunge.com/1241261/worst-monsoon-disasters-history/ https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/worst-monsoon | |
| 166 | Monsoon | Nepal | Nepal | 1993 | In the summer of 1993, heavy monsoon rains hit Nepal, India, and Bangladesh, affecting millions and causing fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, March 20). 1993 India floods. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:45, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_India_floods | |
| 167 | Monsoon | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | 1998 | In 1998, severe monsoon rains flooded nearly two-thirds of Bangladesh. | Bangladesh Post. (2021, October 12). Floods in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Post. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Bangladesh Post. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 14). Floods in Bangladesh. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:26, June 12, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://bangladeshpost.net/posts/floods-in-bangladesh-70558 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods_in_Bangladesh | |
| 168 | Monsoon | Rajasthan | India | 2002 | Rajasthan, India, faced a devastating monsoon drought in 2002 when the rains failed, leading to crop failure and water scarcity. | UNDMT. (2002, December 25). India: Situation Report - Rajasthan Drought. Retrieved June 9, 2023 from ReliefWeb. |
https://reliefweb.int/report/india/india-situation-report-rajasthan-drought-25-dec-2002 | |
| 169 | Monsoon | India | India | 2004 | The 2004 Southwest monsoon brought extensive flooding to India, impacting millions. | ReliefWeb. (2004, August 4). India: Flash Flood - North Western States. Retrieved June 8, 2023 from ReliefWeb. |
https://reliefweb.int/report/india/india-flash-flood-north-western-states-04-aug-2004 | |
| 170 | Monsoon | Mumbai | India | 2005 | Mumbai, India, experienced a paralyzing monsoon downpour in 2005, which resulted in severe flooding. There were over 1,000 fatalities. |
The Weather Channel. (2020, July 26). "15 Years On, July 26 Evokes the Horrors of Monsoon Fury for Mumbai." Retrieved from June 11, 2023 Weather.com. |
https://weather.com/en-IN/india/monsoon/news/2020-07-26-15-years-on-july-26-evokes-the-horrors-of-monsoon-fury-for-mumbai | |
| 171 | Monsoon | Myanmar | Myanmar (Burma) | 2008 | In 2008, Myanmar, also called Burma, faced a disastrous situation as a cyclone coincided with the monsoon season causing major flooding and destruction. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 25). Cyclone Nargis. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:43, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Nargis#Impact | |
| 172 | Monsoon | Southeast Asia | Southeast Asia Countries | 2011 | The 2011 monsoon season overlapped with the 2011 typhoon season, bringing devastating floods to Southeast Asia. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, January 10). 2011 Southeast Asian floods. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:51, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Southeast_Asian_floods | |
| 173 | Monsoon | Luzon | Philippines | 2012 | In 2012, Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines, experienced devastating floods due to the Southwest Monsoon. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 23). 2012 Luzon southwest monsoon floods. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:52, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Luzon_southwest_monsoon_floods | |
| 174 | Monsoon | North India | India | 2013 | Unusually severe monsoon rains struck North India and Nepal in 2013, causing devastating floods. | NASA. (2013, June 22). Severe Flooding in Northern India, Nepal. NASA Earth Observatory. Retrieved June 6, 2023 from NASA Earth Observatory. |
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/81450/severe-flooding-in-northern-india-nepal | |
| 175 | Monsoon | Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka | 2017 | The 2017 monsoon rains caused widespread flooding and landslides in Sri Lanka. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 26). 2017 Sri Lanka floods. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:26, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Sri_Lanka_floods | |
| 176 | Monsoon | Uttar Pradesh Bihar | India | 2019 | In 2019, the heaviest monsoon rains India has seen in the last 25 years caused massive flooding and losses in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. | New York Post. (2019, October 1). "More than 1,600 dead in India's heaviest monsoon in 25 years." Retrieved June 9, 2023 from New York Post/a>. | https://nypost.com/2019/10/01/more-than-1600-dead-in-indias-heaviest-monsoon-in-25-years/ | |
| 177 | Monsoon | Pakistan | Pakistan | 2022 | In 2022, Pakistan was hit with heavy monsoon rains for about two months, causing many fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 4). 2022 Pakistan floods. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:53, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Pakistan_floods | |
| 178 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Smallpox | Worldwide | 3,000 years ago - 1980 | Smallpox started causing illness and death thousands of years ago. Scientists even found smallpox marks on a 3,000-year-old Egyptian mummy. It killed 500 million between 1520-1980 before being officially eradicated. | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Smallpox: History. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from CDC. Logue Library | Chestnut Hill College. (n.d.). List of Top 20 Pandemics. Retrieved June 16, 2023 from Logue Library | Chestnut Hill College. |
https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html https://library1.chc.edu/index.php/social-media-current-topics-content-pages/current-topics-in-society/pandemic-research/list-of-top-20-pandemics/ | |
| 179 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Athens | Athens | 430 BC | The Plague of Athens, 430 BC, during the Peloponnesian War killed 75,000-100,000 people, around 25-33% of the city's population. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 12). Plague of Athens. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:06, June 16, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Athens | |
| 180 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Antonine | Roman Empire | AD 165-180 | The Antonine Plague of AD 165 to 180 hit at the height of Roman power. The plague, most likely smallpox, spread across the territory and through the Roman army, killing 5 million. | Horgan, J. World History Encyclopedia. (2019, May 02). Antonine Plague. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from World History Encyclopedia. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 6). Antonine Plague. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 06:12, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.worldhistory.org/Antonine_Plague/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Plague | |
| 181 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Justinian | Byzantine Empire | 541-549 AD | The Plague of Justinian, 541–549 AD, during the Byzantine Empire, was a bacteria disease that spread throughout Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East. The same bacterium was responsible for the Black Death. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 1). Plague of Justinian. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 06:13, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian | |
| 182 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Black Death | Eurasia, North Africa | 1347-1351 | The Black Death, 1347-1351, was one of the most devastating pandemics in history. Bacteria, transmitted through fleas that infested black rats, killed 75 to 200 million across Europe, Asia, and Africa. | Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. (2023, May 14). Black Death. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Encyclopedia Britannica. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 15). Black Death. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 06:17, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death | |
| 184 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Third Plague | Worldwide | 1855-1959 | The Third Plague Pandemic, 1855-1959, was the first global outbreak of bubonic plague, causing about 12 million deaths. By 1905, scientists identified the bacterium and the role of rats and fleas in its spread. | History Extra. (n.d.). What was the Third Plague pandemic? The 19th-century pandemic that killed 12 million people. Retrieved June 16, 2023 from: History Extra. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 14). Third plague pandemic. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:53, June 16, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/portraits-of-a-plague-the-19th-century-pandemic-that-killed-12-million-people/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_plague_pandemic | |
| 185 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Russian Flu | Worldwide | 1889-1890 | The 1889-1890 pandemic, called the Russian Flu, was the last great pandemic of the 19th century. About 1 million died. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 7). 1889–1890 pandemic. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 06:20, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889%E2%80%931890_pandemic | |
| 183 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Cholera | Worldwide | 1817-1923 | Cholera is a bacterial disease that spreads through contaminated food and water. The first pandemic outbreak of Cholera started in India in 1817. It then spread around the world, lasting until 1923. About 1 million died. **Correction: Multiple Cholera pandemic outbreaks happened between 1817-1923, not a continuous pandemic. | History.com Editors. (2017, September 12). History of Cholera. History. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from History.com. Logue Library | Chestnut Hill College. (n.d.). List of Top 20 Pandemics. Retrieved June 16, 2023 from Logue Library | Chestnut Hill College. |
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-cholera https://library1.chc.edu/index.php/social-media-current-topics-content-pages/current-topics-in-society/pandemic-research/list-of-top-20-pandemics/ | |
| 186 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Spanish Flu | Worldwide | 1918-1919 | The Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918-1919 infected a third of the world and resulted in tens of millions of deaths. | History.com Editors. (2010, October 12). 1918 Flu Pandemic. History. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/1918-flu-pandemic. |
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/1918-flu-pandemic | |
| 187 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Polio | Worldwide | 1940s-1960s | Polio is a viral infection that can cause paralysis and death. The most severe polio epidemics happened in the 1940s-1960s. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 28). Polio. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://www.endpolio.org/. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis https://www.endpolio.org/ | |
| 188 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Asian Flu | Worldwide | 1957 | The 1957 Asian Flu was caused by an H2N2 influenza A virus. It originated in East Asia and spread around the world. | Rogers, K. (2020, March 26). 1957 flu pandemic. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Encyclopedia Britannica. |
https://www.britannica.com/event/1957-flu-pandemic | |
| 189 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Hong Kong Flu | Worldwide | 1968-1969 | The Hong Kong Flu pandemic of 1968-1969, also known as H3N2 influenza, originated in Hong Kong and quickly spread to other parts of the world. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 5). Hong Kong flu. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_flu | |
| 190 | Pandemic/Epidemics | SARS | Asia | 2002-2003 | SARS is a viral respiratory illness that caused a pandemic in 2002-2003, mainly in Asia. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 29). SARS. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS | |
| 191 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Swine Flu | Worldwide | 2009 | The H1N1 Swine Flu caused a pandemic in 2009. First identified in Mexico, it rapidly spread worldwide. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 5). 2009 swine flu pandemic. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic | |
| 192 | Pandemic/Epidemics | Ebola | Africa | 2014-2016 | The West African Ebola epidemic, 2014-2016, was the largest outbreak of Ebola in history, with over 28K cases and 11K deaths. | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, March 8). 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from CDC. |
https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/index.html | |
| 193 | Pandemic/Epidemics | COVID | Worldwide | 2019 | COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and spread worldwide. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 3). COVID-19. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 | |
| 194 | Sinkhole | - | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 9). List of sinkholes. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sinkholes | |
| 195 | Sinkhole | - | - | - | - | Moss, L. Treehugger. (2021, June 12). Amazing Sinkholes: Nature's Holes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/amazing-sinkholes-4869265 | |
| 196 | Sinkhole | Great Blue Hole | Belize | N/A | The Great Blue Hole off the coast of Belize is a famous underwater sinkhole attracting divers and snorkelers. | ScienceStruck. (n.d.). Science Behind the Formation of Sinkholes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from ScienceStruck. Moss, L. Treehugger. (2021, June 12). Amazing Sinkholes: Nature's Holes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://sciencestruck.com/science-behind-formation-of-sinkholes https://www.treehugger.com/amazing-sinkholes-4869265 | |
| 197 | Sinkhole | Red Lake | Croatia | N/A | Croatia's Red Lake is a sinkhole known for its numerous caves and remarkably high reddish-brown cliffs. | Moss, L. Treehugger. (2021, June 12). Amazing Sinkholes: Nature's Holes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/amazing-sinkholes-4869265 | |
| 198 | Sinkhole | Ik Kil | Mexico | N/A | Cenote Ik Kil in Mexico is a famous sinkhole filled with blue-green water and a staircase carved into the rock. | Moss, L. Treehugger. (2021, June 12). Amazing Sinkholes: Nature's Holes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/amazing-sinkholes-4869265 | |
| 199 | Sinkhole | Bimmah | Oman | N/A | The Bimmah sinkhole in Oman is a natural swimming hole known for its stunning beauty and crystal-clear turquoise waters. | Moss, L. Treehugger. (2021, June 12). Amazing Sinkholes: Nature's Holes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/amazing-sinkholes-4869265 | |
| 200 | Sinkhole | Dead Sea | Jordan, Israel | N/A | Due to receding waters, the Dead Sea has seen the formation of more than 5,500 sinkholes, resulting in the destruction of roads, power lines, structures, and beaches | Dead Sea Sinkholes: A Fascinating Yet Dangerous Phenomenon. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Dead Sea. |
https://deadsea.com/articles-tips/interesting-facts/dead-sea-sinkholes-fascinating-yet-dangerous-phenomenon/ | |
| 201 | Sinkhole | El Zacatón | Mexico | N/A | The El Zacatón Sinkhole in Mexico is a deep underwater sinkhole popular among divers. | Moss, L. Treehugger. (2021, June 12). Amazing Sinkholes: Nature's Holes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/amazing-sinkholes-4869265 | |
| 202 | Sinkhole | Numby | Australia | N/A | Numby Numby in Australia is a famous sinkhole among swimmers, fed by a hot spring. The pool is 200 ft (60 m) deep, dropping off only steps from the edge. | Moss, L. Treehugger. (2021, June 12). Amazing Sinkholes: Nature's Holes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/amazing-sinkholes-4869265 | |
| 203 | Sinkhole | Qattara | Egypt | N/A | The Qattara Depression in Egypt is the world's biggest sinkhole, covering 7,570 square miles (19,605 square kilometers). | Jennings, K. (2014, June 2). Qattara Depression: The Deadliest Desert Sinkhole. Condé Nast Traveler. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Condé Nast Traveler. |
https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2014-06-02/qattara-depression-maphead | |
| 204 | Sinkhole | Seattle | United States | 1957 | In 1957 a sinkhole opened on Ravenna Boulevard in Seattle. It was about 60 ft (18 m) deep, 200 ft (60 m) long. Part of the street, a tree, and a telephone pole fell into the hole. | Guarente, G. (2023, May 8). The Ravenna Boulevard Sinkhole: A Unique Piece of Seattle's History. SeaToday. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from SeaToday. |
https://seatoday.6amcity.com/sinkhole-1957-seattle-ravenna-boulevard | |
| 205 | Sinkhole | Winter Park | United States | 1981 | Winter Park, Florida, experienced a severe sinkhole in 1981 that swallowed up homes, a pool, a car dealership, and buildings. | Florida History Network. (n.d.). May 9, 1981 - Sinkhole Swallows House, Five Porsches in Winter Park. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Florida History Network. |
http://www.floridahistorynetwork.com/may-9-1981---sinkhole-swallows-house-five-porsches-in-winter-park.html | |
| 206 | Sinkhole | Heavenly Pit | China | 1994 | In 1994, the Xiaozhai Tiankeng, known as the Heavenly Pit, was discovered in Chongqing Municipality, China. It is the deepest sinkhole at 2,165 feet (660 m) deep. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 14). Xiaozhai Tiankeng. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. BBC Travel. (2022, November 17). Xiaoxhai Tiankeng: The world's biggest sinkhole. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from BBC Travel. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaozhai_Tiankeng https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20221117-xiaoxhai-tiankeng-the-worlds-biggest-sinkhole | |
| 207 | Sinkhole | Daisetta | United States | 2008 | A giant sinkhole suddenly appeared in Daisetta, Texas, in May 2008. It's over 600 feet (183 m) wide and 75 feet (23 m) deep. | Lozano, J. A. (2023, April 13). Texas sinkhole expanding in Daisetta. AP News. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from AP News. |
https://apnews.com/article/texas-sinkhole-expanding-daisetta-1e66ac058873d88bae702f5f5759c862 | |
| 208 | Sinkhole | Guatemala | Guatemala | 2010 | A 300-foot (90 m) deep sinkhole opened in Guatemala City in 2010 and swallowed a three-story factory. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 12). 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Guatemala_City_sinkhole | |
| 209 | Sinkhole | Bayou Corne | United States | 2012 | The Bayou Corne sinkhole in Louisiana formed in 2012 due to a collapsed underground salt dome cavern. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 14). Bayou Corne sinkhole. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayou_Corne_sinkhole | |
| 210 | Sinkhole | Rotorua | New Zealand | 2018 | In 2018 a giant sinkhole split open across a farmer’s land in Rotorua, New Zealand. | CBS News. (2018, May 4). New Zealand sinkhole on dairy farm near North Island town of Rotorua. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from CBS News. |
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-zealand-sinkhole-on-dairy-farm-near-north-island-town-of-rotorua/ | |
| 211 | Sinkhole | South China | China | 2022 | In 2022, scientists in South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region discovered a sinkhole 630 ft (192 m) deep with an ancient forest at the bottom. | Jones, D. (2022, May 20). Giant sinkhole in China swallows ancient forest. NPR. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from NPR. |
https://www.npr.org/2022/05/20/1100459262/giant-sinkhole-china-ancient-forest | |
| 212 | Snowstorm | Great Snow | United States | 1717 | The Great Snow of 1717 was a series of heavy snowstorms that hit the New England colonies with more than 5 ft (1.5 m) of snow. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, November 25). The Great Snow of 1717. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Snow_of_1717#:~:text=The%20Great%20Snow%20of%201717%20was%20a%20series,more%20meters%29%20of%20snow%2C%20and%20much%20higher%20drifts. | |
| 213 | Snowstorm | Schoolhouse | United States | 1888 | The 1888 January blizzard that hit the Great Plains, U.S., is known as the Schoolhouse (or Children's) Blizzard. On what started as a warm day, the surprise storm trapped kids in schools. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 25). Schoolhouse Blizzard. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoolhouse_Blizzard | |
| 214 | Snowstorm | White Hurricane | United States | 1888 | The Great Blizzard of 1888, also known as the "Great White Hurricane," hit the Northeastern U.S. region in March 1988. It was one of the most severe snowstorms in American history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 1). Great Blizzard of 1888. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1888 | |
| 215 | Snowstorm | Great Lakes | United States | 1913 | The Great Lakes storm of 1913 was a major blizzard with hurricane-like winds that battered the Midwest. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 2). Great Lakes Storm of 1913. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes_Storm_of_1913 | |
| 216 | Snowstorm | Knickerbocker | United States | 1922 | The Knickerbocker snowstorm caused the roof of the Knickerbocker Theatre to collapse in Washington, D.C., in 1922. Almost 100 died, making it the worst disaster in the history of the U.S. capital. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 3). Knickerbocker Theatre (Washington, D.C.). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knickerbocker_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)#:~:text=The%20theater%27s%20roof%20collapsed%20on%20January%2028%2C%201922%2C,collapse%2C%20which%20killed%2098%20patrons%20and%20injured%20133. | |
| 217 | Snowstorm | Armistice | United States | 1940 | The Armistice Day Blizzard of 1940 struck the Midwest unexpectedly, transforming a warm day into a harsh snowstorm. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). 1940 Armistice Day Blizzard. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Armistice_Day_Blizzard | |
| 218 | Snowstorm | Appalachian | United States | 1950 | The Great Appalachian Storm struck the Eastern U.S. on Thanksgiving weekend in 1950 with extreme snow and winds. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 30). Great Appalachian Storm of 1950. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:29, June 10, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Appalachian_Storm_of_1950&oldid=1152495593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Storm_of_1950 | |
| 219 | Snowstorm | Chicago | United States | 1967 | The Chicago Blizzard of 1967 paralyzed the city for several days, setting a local record of 23 inches (58 cm) of snowfall. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, December 26). 1967 Chicago blizzard. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Chicago_blizzard | |
| 220 | Snowstorm | Iran | Iran | 1972 | The 1972 Iran Blizzard was one of the deadliest in history. A weeklong storm dropped almost 10 ft (3 m) of snow, killing 4,000 people. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 8). 1972 Iran blizzard. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Iran_blizzard | |
| 221 | Snowstorm | Great Blizzard | United States, Canada | 1978 | The Great Blizzard of 1978 was a historic winter storm that hit Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes regions of the U.S., and Southern Ontario in Canada. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 8). Great Blizzard of 1978. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:02, June 17, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1978 | |
| 222 | Snowstorm | Century | United States | 1993 | The 1993 Storm of the Century was a massive blizzard that affected about 40% of the United States, and some areas experienced 15 ft (4.5 m) snow drifts. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 1). 1993 Storm of the Century. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Storm_of_the_Century | |
| 223 | Snowstorm | Afghanistan | Afghanistan | 2008 | The 2008 Afghanistan Blizzard was a deadly blizzard that claimed at least 926 lives and over 300,000 cattle. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 8). Great Blizzard of 1978. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:02, June 17, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Afghanistan_blizzard | |
| 224 | Snowstorm | Groundhog Day | United States | 2011 | The 2011 Groundhog Day Blizzard struck the United States and Canada with a massive snowstorm. True to tradition, Punxsutawney Phil accurately predicted more weeks of winter. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 27). 2011 Groundhog Day blizzard. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Groundhog_Day_blizzard | |
| 225 | Snowstorm | Jonas | United States | 2014 | Winter Storm Jonas was an extreme snowstorm that hit the northeastern U.S. in 2014, bringing record snowfall to many. | "The Weather Channel. (2017, January 23). Winter Storm Jonas: Where Does It Rank in History? Retrieved June 10, 2023, from The Weather Channel. " |
https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/winter-storm-jonas-rank-in-history | |
| 226 | Snowstorm | Juno | United States | 2015 | In 2015, Winter Storm Juno hit the northeastern U.S. with 3 ft (1 m) of snow and winds of 70 mph. | The Weather Channel. (2015, January 28). Winter Storm Juno Storm Reports: 3 Feet of Snow, 70 mph Winds. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from The Weather Channel. " |
https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/winter-storm-juno-snow-totals-wind-gusts | |
| 227 | Snowstorm | Buffalo | United States | 2022 | The December 2022 North American winter storm blasted many states nationwide, canceling over 18,000 flights. It severely affected Buffalo, NY, causing the weather service to describe it as a "once-in-a-generation storm" for the area. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 10). December 2022 North American winter storm. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:28, June 12, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2022_North_American_winter_storm | |
| 228 | Solar Flare | - | - | - | - | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 8). List of solar storms. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar_storms | |
| 229 | Solar Flare | Auroral | Various | 1582 | During the Auroral Storm of 1582, there were reports of "great fire" in the northern sky, including unusual places as far south as Florida, Egypt, and southern Japan. Advanced technologies didn't exist then, but if it happened today, it would be catastrophic. | Scott Alan Johnston. (2021, March 25). A Very Powerful Solar Storm Hit the Earth Back in 1582. Universe Today. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Universe Today. Means, T. (2021, September 16). Spectacular Solar Storms in History. Treehugger. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.universetoday.com/150676/a-very-powerful-solar-storm-hit-the-earth-back-in-1582/ https://www.treehugger.com/spectacular-solar-storms-history-5185181#:~:text=The%20%22superflare%22%20was%20associated%20with%20two%20coronal%20mass,world%27s%20telegraph%20wires%2C%20reportedly%20causing%20them%20to%20spark. | |
| 230 | Solar Flare | Carrington | Various | 1859 | The Carrington Event of 1859 was one of the most powerful solar storms in recorded history, causing sparks and even fires in telegraph stations. It instantly disintegrated 5% of Earth's ozone. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 1). Carrington Event. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. Treehugger. (2021, September 16.). 10 Spectacular Solar Storms That Have Shaped Earth's History. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrington_Event https://www.treehugger.com/spectacular-solar-storms-history-5185181#:~:text=The%20%22superflare%22%20was%20associated%20with%20two%20coronal%20mass,world%27s%20telegraph%20wires%2C%20reportedly%20causing%20them%20to%20spark. | |
| 231 | Solar Flare | Solar Minimum | Various | 1903 | The Solar Minimum Superstorm of 1903 was one of the strongest solar storms. It overcharged the telegraph system and caused communication disruptions worldwide. | Dr. Tony Phillips. (2020, July 29). The Solar Minimum Superstorm of 1903. Spaceweatherarchive.com. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Spaceweatherarchive.com. |
https://spaceweatherarchive.com/2020/07/29/the-solar-minimum-superstorm-of-1903/ | |
| 232 | Solar Flare | New York | Various | 1921 | The New York Railroad Storm in May 1921 was a solar storm that took out the New York train signal system for several hours. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 12). May 1921 geomagnetic storm. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:59, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1921_geomagnetic_storm | |
| 233 | Solar Flare | Cold War | Various | 1967 | The May 1967 'Cold War' Solar Flare nearly changed history when the American Government almost believed the Soviets jammed communications before realizing it was a solar event. | Means, T. (2021, September 16). 10 Spectacular Solar Storms That Have Shaped Earth's History. Treehugger. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/spectacular-solar-storms-history-5185181 | |
| 234 | Solar Flare | Vietnam | Various | 1972 | The August 1972 Solar Flare caused widespread disturbances and the unintentional detonation of dozens of sea mines in North Vietnam. | Means, T. (2021, September 16). 10 Spectacular Solar Storms That Have Shaped Earth's History. Treehugger. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Treehugger. |
https://www.treehugger.com/spectacular-solar-storms-history-5185181 | |
| 235 | Solar Flare | Québec | Various | 1989 | A powerful solar flare caused the Great Québec Blackout in 1989, a major power outage that affected all of Quebec, Canada. | Phillips, T. (2021, March 12). The Great Quebec Blackout. Spaceweather.com. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Spaceweather.com. |
https://spaceweatherarchive.com/2021/03/12/the-great-quebec-blackout/#:~:text=March%2013%2C%202021%3A%20They%20call%20it%20%E2%80%9Cthe%20day,light%20or%20heat%2C%20wondering%20what%20was%20going%20on%3F | |
| 236 | Solar Flare | Geomagnetic | Various | 1991 | The Geomagnetic Storm of November 1991 was a series of solar flares with aurorae visible even south of Texas. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 8). List of solar storms. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar_storms | |
| 237 | Solar Flare | Bastille | Various | 2000 | The 2000 Bastille Day solar storm impacted satellites and power transformers worldwide. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, January 4). Bastille Day solar storm. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:07, June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastille_Day_solar_storm | |
| 238 | Solar Flare | Halloween | Various | 2003 | The 2003 Halloween solar storm was one of history's most intense solar flares but luckily directed away from Earth. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 8). List of solar storms. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar_storms | |
| 239 | Solar Flare | NASA | Various | 2006 | The Halloween 2006 solar storm caused NASA astronauts on the International Space Station to take shelter to shield themselves from increased radiation. | McFadden, C. (2020, May 16). "7 of the Strongest Solar Storms in Recorded History." Interesting Engineering. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Interesting Engineering. |
https://interestingengineering.com/science/7-of-the-strongest-solar-storms-in-recorded-history | |
| 240 | Solar Flare | Superstorm | Various | 2012 | The Solar Superstorm of July 2012 was the most powerful solar storm in 150 years. It luckily missed Earth by about a week. If it had hit, it could have been catastrophic. | NASA. (2014, July 23). A Superstorm for the Ages: The Carrington Event of 1859. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from NASA. Plumer, B. Vox. (2014, July 30). A catastrophic solar storm just barely missed Earth in 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Vox. |
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/23jul_superstorm https://www.vox.com/2014/7/30/5951263/a-catastrophic-solar-storm-just-barely-missed-earth-in-2012 | |
| 241 | Solar Flare | St Patrick | Various | 2015 | The St. Patrick's Day solar storm in March 2015 was a powerful solar flare that caused brilliant auroras worldwide. It had the potential to threaten GPS and electrical grids. | Jacobson, R. (n.d.). Massive solar storm sparks dazzling northern lights on St. Patrick's Day. PBS NewsHour. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from PBS NewsHour. |
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/massive-solar-storm-sparks-dazzling-northern-lights-st-patricks-day | |
| 242 | Solar Flare | Irma | Various | 2017 | A solar storm in September 2017 caused a radio blackout that interrupted emergency efforts during Hurricane Irma. | Wood, A. (2018, July 31). Solar storm and flare cause radio blackout during hurricane season. New Atlas. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from New Atlas. |
https://newatlas.com/solar-storm-flare-radio-blackout-hurricane-irma-jose-katia/55700/ | |
| 243 | Solar Flare | X Class | Various | 2021 | In July 2021, a major X Class Solar Flare hit Earth that caused a brief radio blackout over the Atlantic and coastal regions. | Mack, E. (2021, July 3). A Major X-Class Solar Flare Just Slammed Into Earth. Forbes. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from Forbes. |
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2021/07/03/a-major-x-class-solar-flare-just-slammed-into-earth/?sh=6b779319483c | |
| 244 | Solar Flare | Starlink | Various | 2022 | In February 2022, a solar storm knocked out over 40 SpaceX Starlink satellites, costing the company about $100 million. | Andrews, R. G. (2022, February 9). Solar Storm Destroys 40 New SpaceX Satellites in Orbit. The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from The New York Times. |
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/09/science/spacex-satellites-storm.html | |
| 245 | Thunderstorms | Florida | United States | N/A | Florida has the most thunderstorm activity in the United States. Central Florida, between Tampa and Orlando, is known as Lightning Alley | Geology.com. (n.d.). Lightning Map - 24 Hour. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Geology.com. |
https://geology.com/articles/lightning-map.shtml | |
| 246 | Thunderstorms | Cimarron | United States | N/A | Cimarron, New Mexico, in the Sangre de Christo Mountains, thunderstorms occur about 110 days a year. In July, there are thunderstorms virtually every single day. | Christopher C. Burt. (2012, June 21). Thunderstorms: The Stormiest Places in the USA and the World. Weather Underground. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Weather Underground. |
https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/thunderstorms-the-stormiest-places-in-the-usa-and-the-world.html | |
| 247 | Thunderstorms | Huachuca | United States | N/A | The Huachuca Mountains in Arizona record about 80-90 thunderstorm days a year. | Christopher C. Burt. (2012, June 21). Thunderstorms: The Stormiest Places in the USA and the World. Weather Underground. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Weather Underground. |
https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/thunderstorms-the-stormiest-places-in-the-usa-and-the-world.html | |
| 248 | Thunderstorms | Colorado | United States | N/A | Colorado is known for its thunderstorms, especially in summer. Colorado Springs averages 51 thunder storm days a year, the highest number for any major city in the Western United States. | Christopher C. Burt. (2012, June 21). Thunderstorms: The Stormiest Places in the USA and the World. Weather Underground. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Weather Underground. |
https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/thunderstorms-the-stormiest-places-in-the-usa-and-the-world.html | |
| 249 | Thunderstorms | Victoria | Uganda | N/A | Lake Victoria in Uganda, Africa, has an average of 242 thunderstorm days a year. Amazingly the storms mostly hover over the lake and don't strike the city. | Christopher C. Burt. (2012, June 21). Thunderstorms: The Stormiest Places in the USA and the World. Weather Underground. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Weather Underground. |
https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/thunderstorms-the-stormiest-places-in-the-usa-and-the-world.html | |
| 250 | Thunderstorms | Maracaibo | N/A | Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela, is famous for 'Catatumbo Lightning,' where lightning happens nearly 300 days per year on average. Catatumbo means "House of Thunder." It is known as the Earth's top lightning hotspot with the highest Flash Rate Density in the world. | Klein, J. (2016, May 16). In Venezuela, the Lightning Capital of the World. The New York Times. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from The New York Times. " https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/17/science/in-venezuela-the-lightning-capital-of-the-world.html Wikipedia contributors. (2023, March 29). Catatumbo lightning. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:42, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/17/science/in-venezuela-the-lightning-capital-of-the-world.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catatumbo_lightning | ||
| 251 | Thunderstorms | Kabare Kampene Sake Butembo Boende | N/A | The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), in central Africa, is the most lightning-prone country in the world. Based on the highest flash rate density rankings, the DRC has five of the top ten locations on Earth: Kabare, Kampene, Sake, Butembo, and Boende. | Storyteller.Travel. (2022, February 1). Lightning Capital of the World. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Storyteller.Travel. |
https://storyteller.travel/lightning-capital-of-the-world/ | ||
| 252 | Thunderstorms | Caceres | N/A | Caceres, Colombia, has more thunder and lightning than any other part of Colombia, with an impressive 172.29 flashes per 247 acres every year. | World Atlas. (n.d.). Places in the World Where Lightning Strikes the Most. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from World Atlas. |
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/places-in-the-world-where-lightning-strikes-the-most.html | ||
| 253 | Thunderstorms | Daggar | Pakistan | N/A | Daggar, Pakistan, is a primary lightning hotspot in Asia because it sits at the intersection of the Indus River plain and the westernmost Himalayas. | Ferry, D. (2016, May 16). The World's 10 Biggest Lightning Hot Spots. Outside Online. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Outside Online. |
https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/exploration-survival/worlds-10-biggest-lightning-hot-spots/ | |
| 254 | Thunderstorms | Bogor | Indonesia | N/A | Bogor, Indonesia has thunderstorms 200 days a year. Warm wet air from the Indian Ocean moves up the mountains of Java and Sumatra, making it a common location for thunderstorms. | Geology.com. (n.d.). Lightning Map - 24 Hour. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Geology.com. |
https://geology.com/articles/lightning-map.shtml | |
| 255 | Thunderstorms | Bunia | Democratic Republic of Congo | N/A | The city of Bunia in the Democratic Republic of Congo has almost 228 days of thunderstorms a year. | Outdoor Revival. (2018, January 30). The World's best places for watching thunderstorms. Retrieved June 17, 2023, from Outdoor Revival. |
https://www.outdoorrevival.com/instant-articles/worlds-best-places-watching-thunderstorms.html?chrome=1&A1c=1 | |
| 256 | Thunderstorms | El Tarra | Colombia | N/A | El Tarra, Colombia ranks among the top ten lightning hotspots on Earth. | Geology.com. (n.d.). Lightning Map - 24 Hour. Retrieved June 17, 2023, from Geology.com. |
https://geology.com/records/lightning-hotspots/ https://at3w.com/en/blog/places-in-the-world-where-lightning-strikes-the-most/ | |
| 257 | Tornado | Tri-State | United States | 1925 | The 1925 Tri-State tornado devastated Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. It is the deadliest tornado in U.S. history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 30). Tri-State tornado outbreak. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:16, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-State_tornado_outbreak | |
| 258 | Tornado | Waco | United States | 1953 | A powerful F5 tornado hit Waco, Texas, in 1953, the deadliest in Texas history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 11). 1953 Waco tornado outbreak. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:15, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Waco_tornado_outbreak | |
| 259 | Tornado | Worcester | United States | 1953 | The 1953 Worcester tornado was a powerful F4 tornado that struck Worcester, Massachusetts. It is the deadliest to attack New England. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 2). 1953 Worcester tornado. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:14, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Worcester_tornado | |
| 260 | Tornado | Xenia | United States | 1974 | In 1974 a extraordinary tornado hit the city of Xenia, Ohio. It was initially assigned a rating of F6 but later revised after Fujita deemed an F6 rating "inconceivable." | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 10). 1974 Xenia tornado. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:10, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Xenia_tornado | |
| 261 | Tornado | Hesston | United States | 1990 | In 1990, Hesston, Kansas, was hit hard by an F5 tornado that was a part of the March 1990 Central U.S. tornado outbreak. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 15). March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:09, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1990_Central_United_States_tornado_outbreak | |
| 262 | Tornado | Jarrell | United States | 1997 | In 1997 Jarrell, Texas, was smashed by an F5 tornado that was part of a deadly tornado outbreak across Central Texas. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 30). 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:08, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Central_Texas_tornado_outbreak | |
| 263 | Tornado | Spencer | United States | 1998 | In 1998, Spencer, South Dakota, was one of the most destructive tornadoes in the state's history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 10). Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:07, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late-May_1998_tornado_outbreak_and_derecho | |
| 264 | Tornado | Bridge Creek Moore | United States | 1999 | The 1999 Bridge Creek-Moore tornado was a mighty F5 tornado with record winds of 300 miles per hour, the strongest to hit Oklahoma City. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 31). 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:06, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Bridge_Creek%E2%80%93Moore_tornado | |
| 265 | Tornado | Hallam | United States | 2004 | The 2004 Hallam tornado was a powerful F4 tornado to hit southeast Nebraska, on record as the 2nd largest at 2.5 miles wide. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 31). Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2004. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:06, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_2004 | |
| 266 | Tornado | Greensburg | United States | 2007 | Greensburg, Kansas, experienced a devastating EF5 tornado in 2007 that destroyed about 95% of the city. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 25). Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 2007. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:05, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_May_4%E2%80%936,_2007 | |
| 267 | Tornado | Parkersburg | United States | 2008 | In 2008, Parkersburg, Iowa, was struck by an EF5 tornado that destroyed the city. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 22). Tornado outbreak of May 22–27, 2008. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:05, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_May_22%E2%80%9327,_2008 | |
| 268 | Tornado | Super Outbreak | United States | 2011 | The 2011 Super Outbreak was the largest tornado outbreak in history—360 tornados swept across the Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern U.S. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). Tornado records. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:04, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_records#:~:text=The%202011%20Super%20Outbreak%20was%20the%20largest%20tornado,that%20outbreak%2C%20of%20which%20324%20were%20tornado%20related. | |
| 269 | Tornado | Tuscaloosa | United States | 2011 | A deadly EF4 multi-vortex tornado hit Tuscaloosa and Birmingham, Alabama, as part of the 2011 Super Outbreak. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 29). 2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:03, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tuscaloosa%E2%80%93Birmingham_tornado | |
| 270 | Tornado | Joplin | United States | 2011 | The Joplin tornado, part of the 2011 Super Outbreak, was a powerful multi-vortex EF5 tornado that struck Joplin, Missouri, damaging about 8,000 buildings. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 8). 2011 Joplin tornado. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:03, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Joplin_tornado | |
| 271 | Tornado | El Reno | United States | 2013 | The 2013 El Reno tornado was a multi-vortex, rain-wrapped tornado that hit rural Central Oklahoma. It was particularly tragic for storm chasers who didn’t realize the tornado was a record 2.6 miles wide. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 31). 2013 El Reno tornado. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:30, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_El_Reno_tornado#cite_note-5 | |
| 272 | Typhoon | Haiphong | Vietnam | 1881 | Haiphong Typhoon of 1881 is one of the worst natural disasters in history. The tropical cyclone devastated the area of present-day Vietnam. Reports range from 23,000 to 300,000 fatalities. | Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, October 1). Haiphong cyclone. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Haiphong-cyclone. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 26). 1881 Haiphong typhoon. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 06:52, July 4, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://www.britannica.com/event/Haiphong-cyclone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Haiphong_typhoon | |
| 273 | Typhoon | Ida | Japan | 1958 | In 1958, Typhoon Ida struck hit Japan, causing over 1,900 mudslides and 1,269 fatalities. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 6). Typhoon Ida (1958). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:00, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Ida_(1958) | |
| 274 | Typhoon | Vera | Japan | 1959 | Super Typhoon Vera of 1959 was an extremely destructive tropical cyclone to hit Japan. Over 5,000 people lost their lives. | Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, September 19). Ise Bay typhoon of 1959. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Ise-Bay-typhoon-of-1959. |
https://www.britannica.com/event/Ise-Bay-typhoon-of-1959 | |
| 275 | Typhoon | Sarah | Japan, South Korea, Soviet Union | 1959 | Typhoon Sarah of 1959 struck Japan, South Korea, and even the Soviet Union (present-day Russian Far East). It caused up to 2,000 fatalities. | Borgen Project. (2019, July 18). A Look at the Top 10 Worst Typhoons. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from Borgen Project. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 1). Typhoon Sarah (1959). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:38, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://borgenproject.org/top-10-worst-typhoons/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Sarah_(1959) | |
| 276 | Typhoon | Nancy | Guam, Japan | 1961 | Typhoon Nancy, 1961, which hit Guam and Japan, may have the strongest winds ever to be recorded, at 215 mph (345 km/h). | Borgen Project. (2019, July 18). A Look at the Top 10 Worst Typhoons. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from Borgen Project. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 14). Typhoon Nancy (1961). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:48, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://borgenproject.org/top-10-worst-typhoons/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Nancy_(1961) | |
| 277 | Typhoon | Wanda | Hong Kong | 1962 | Typhoon Wanda, 1962, was only a Category 2 storm but is still the most intense recorded to hit Hong Kong. It damaged over 2,000 boats and left 72,000 people without homes. | Borgen Project. (2019, July 18). A Look at the Top 10 Worst Typhoons. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from Borgen Project. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, November 2). Typhoon Wanda (1962). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:58, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://borgenproject.org/top-10-worst-typhoons/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Wanda_(1962) | |
| 278 | Typhoon | Nina | China, Taiwan | 1975 | Typhoon Nina hit China and Taiwan in 1975. It caused the collapse of the Banqiao Dam, which led to over 229,000 deaths. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 10). Typhoon Nina (1975). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:17, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Nina_(1975) | |
| 279 | Typhoon | Tip | Philippines | 1979 | Typhoon Tip, which slammed the Philippines in 1979, was one of the largest and most intense ever recorded. The U.S. Airforce flew 60 weather missions into the typhoon to study the severe weather. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 21). Typhoon Tip. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:01, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Tip | |
| 280 | Typhoon | Forrest | Guam, Japan | 1983 | 1983 Typhoon Forrest holds the record for the most rapid intensification of a tropical cyclone ever recorded, moving from a tropical storm to typhoon status in just one day. | Borgen Project. (2019, July 18). A Look at the Top 10 Worst Typhoons. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from Borgen Project. |
https://borgenproject.org/top-10-worst-typhoons/ | |
| 281 | Typhoon | Durian | Philippines | 2006 | 2006 Typhoon Durian was one of the most destructive tropical cyclones to hit the Philippines. It caused over 1,500 fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 30). Typhoon Durian. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:18, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Durian | |
| 282 | Tsunami | Aleutian | Japan | 1585 | In 1585, a megathrust earthquake with up to a 9.25 magnitude struck near the Aleutian Islands (an island chain in Alaska), causing tsunamis as far-reaching as Japan and Hawaii. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 15). 1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia: Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1585_Aleutian_Islands_earthquake | |
| 283 | Tsunami | Lisbon | Portugal | 1755 | Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, was struck by a significant earthquake and tsunami in 1755. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). "1755 Lisbon earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia: Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake | |
| 284 | Tsunami | Yaeyama | Japan | 1771 | A 7.5 magnitude earthquake off the coast of present-day Okinawa, Japan, caused the 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami. The tsunami claimed more than 12,000 lives. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). "1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia: Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1771_Great_Yaeyama_Tsunami | |
| 285 | Tsunami | Karakatoa | Indonesia | 1883 | Krakatoa, a volcanic island in Indonesia, experienced a powerful eruption that caused a devastating tsunami in 1883. | History.com Editors. (2018, May 9). "Krakatoa." History. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from History.com. |
https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment/krakatoa | |
| 286 | Tsunami | Nankaido | Japan | 1946 | The 1946 Nankaido, Japan earthquake caused a massive tsunami that washed out 2,100 homes. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). "1946 Nankai earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Nankai_earthquake | |
| 287 | Tsunami | Valdivia | Chile | 1960 | In 1960, Valdivia, Chile, experienced the most powerful earthquake in history, causing tsunamis as far away as Japan. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 8). "1960 Valdivia earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Valdivia_earthquake | |
| 288 | Tsunami | Shoup Bay | Alaska | 1964 | The powerful Good Friday earthquake that struck Alaska in 1964 triggered several tsunamis, including one in Shoup Bay, Alaska, with a record height of about 220 ft (67 m). | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). "1964 Alaska earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Alaska_earthquake | |
| 289 | Tsunami | Flores | Flores | 1992 | A 7.8 magnitude earthquake shook Flores in 1992, causing a huge tsunami that ran inland as far as 984 ft (300 m) with waves as high as 82 ft (25 m). | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). "1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Flores_earthquake_and_tsunami | |
| 290 | Tsunami | Okushiri | Japan | 1993 | In 1993, Okushiri, an island town near Hokkaido, Japan, was hit with a devastating tsunami only 5 minutes after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck the Sea of Japan. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, September 22). "Okushiri, Hokkaido." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okushiri,_Hokkaido | |
| 291 | Tsunami | Aitape | Papua New Guinea | 1998 | A catastrophic earthquake and tsunami struck Aitape in Papua New Guinea in 1998. Over 2,100 were killed. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). "1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Papua_New_Guinea_earthquake | |
| 292 | Tsunami | Indian Ocean Indonesia | Multiple countries (Indian Ocean tsunami affected 14 countries) | 2004 | The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, triggered by a 9.1-9.3 magnitude undersea earthquake off Sumatra, was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. It affected 14 countries, with waves up to 100 ft (30 m) high, and resulted in over 227,000 fatalities, the majority in Indonesia. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 8). "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami | |
| 293 | Tsunami | Samoa | Samoa | 2009 | Samoa, a country in the South Pacific, was hit by a devastating tsunami in 2009 when two separate 8.0 and 8.1 underwater earthquakes occurred within 2-3 minutes of each other near the Tonga Trench. | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). (2009, October 1). "Samoa Tsunami." Retrieved June 11, 2023, from NCEI. |
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/2009-Samoa-Tsunami | |
| 294 | Tsunami | Mentawai | Indonesia | 2010 | In 2010, a powerful earthquake off the coast of Sumatra caused a powerful tsunami to strike the Mentawai Islands. Over 435 lives were lost. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, January 30). 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:17, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Mentawai_earthquake_and_tsunami | |
| 295 | Tsunami | Tōhoku | Japan | 2011 | In 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake that struck the Tōhoku region of Japan triggered a massive tsunami. The giant tsunami caused the meltdown of 3 nuclear reactors, sending radioactive material into the ocean. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 10). 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:17, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami | |
| 296 | Tsunami | Haida Gwaii | Canada | 2012 | Haida Gwaii, an archipelago in British Columbia, Canada, was hit by a powerful earthquake and tsunami in 2012, causing damage and generating alerts across the Pacific. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, March 26). 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:35, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Haida_Gwaii_earthquake | |
| 297 | Volcano Eruption | Etna | Italy | Hundreds of thousands of years | Etna in Italy is one of the world's most active volcanoes. Scientific observations of eruptions go back hundreds of thousands of years. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 24). Mount Etna. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia: Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Etna | |
| 298 | Volcano Eruption | Vesuvius | Italy | 79 AD | Vesuvius, near Naples, Italy, is famous for its eruption in 79 AD, which destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 17). Mount Vesuvius. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia: Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius | |
| 299 | Volcano Eruption | Popocatépetl | Mexico | 1519 | Popocatépetl, Aztec for "smoking mountain," is one of Mexico's most active and famous volcanoes. It has had 15 major eruptions since 1519. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 6). Popocatépetl. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:44, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popocat%C3%A9petl | |
| 300 | Volcano Eruption | Cotopaxi | Ecuador | 1534 | Cotopaxi is one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes, with 87 known eruptions since the first recorded in 1534. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 11). Cotopaxi. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:35, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotopaxi | |
| 301 | Volcano Eruption | Fuji | Japan | 1707 | Mount Fuji, an iconic symbol of Japan, is an active volcano that last erupted in 1707. It released 800 million cubic meters of volcanic ash over the area. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 4). Mount Fuji. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia: Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fuji https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dei_eruption | |
| 302 | Volcano Eruption | Tambora | Indonesia | 1815 | Tambora, a volcano in Indonesia, erupted in 1815. It is one of the most powerful in history, dispersing ash worldwide in an event known as the "year without a summer" in 1816. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 8). Year Without a Summer. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:37, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer | |
| 303 | Volcano Eruption | Krakatoa | Indonesia | 1883 | Krakatoa in Indonesia erupted in 1883 in one of the most deadly volcanic eruptions in history. It caused over 36,000 deaths. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:38, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa | |
| 304 | Volcano Eruption | Rainier | United States (Washington) | 1894-95 | Mount Rainier, near Tacoma, Washington, is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. It last erupted in 1894-95, but would devastate if erupted again. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 25). Mount Rainier. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:39, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rainier | |
| 305 | Volcano Eruption | Pelée | Martinique (France) | 1902 | Mount Pelée on the Island of Martinique, in the Caribbean Sea, erupted in 1902, destroying the city of Saint-Pierre. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 22). Mount Pelée. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:40, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pel%C3%A9e | |
| 306 | Volcano Eruption | Novarupta | United States | 1912 | In 1912, Novarupta, a volcano in Alaska, formed during the largest eruption in the 20th century. For context, the amount of magma was 30 times greater than Mount St. Helens' in 1980. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 6). Novarupta. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:41, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novarupta | |
| 307 | Volcano Eruption | St Helens | United States | 1980 | Mount St. Helens in Washington erupted in 1980, causing the entire north face of the mountain to collapse and blasting ash for hundreds of miles. It is the most notable eruption in the U.S. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 4). Mount St. Helens. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:42, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_St._Helens | |
| 308 | Volcano Eruption | Muana Loa | United States | 1984 | Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano in the world, covering over half the Island of Hawaii. It last erupted in 1984. |
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 10). Mauna Loa. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:43, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_Loa | |
| 309 | Volcano Eruption | Pinatubo | Philippines | 1991 | Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991, causing over 840 fatalities. It was the second-largest eruption of the 20th century, releasing 17 megatons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 9). 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:43, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Pinatubo | |
| 310 | Volcano Eruption | Iceland | Iceland | 2010 | Eyjafjallajökull, a volcano in Iceland, erupted in 2010, causing major disruption to air travel. It was the largest air-traffic shut-down since World War II. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 23). Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:46, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. Troxler, S. (n.d.). Iceland's Tourism Boom. Retrieved from June 11, 2023 Hospitality Insights. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_travel_disruption_after_the_2010_Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull_eruption https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/iceland-tourism-boom#:~:text=In%20April%202010%2C%20Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull%2C%20a%20volcano%20in%20southern,tourists%20and%20business%20travelers%20alike%20throughout%20northern%20Europe. | |
| 311 | Volcano Eruption | Merapi | Indonesia | 2010 | Merapi is the most active and dangerous volcano in Indonesia. The last major eruption was in 2010, causing 347 fatalities. | Bressan, D. (2021, August 8). Indonesia's Most Volatile Volcano, Mount Merapi, Erupts. Forbes. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Forbes. |
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2021/08/08/indonesias-most-volatile-volcano-mount-merapi-erupts/?sh=3da5a21b2250 | |
| 312 | Volcano Eruption | Kīlauea | United States | 2018 | Kīlauea volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii had a large eruption in 2018 that destroyed 700 homes. | Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2022, March 31). Volcano Watch: 2018 Eruption of Kilauea Was Big on a Global Scale. USGS. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from USGS. |
https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-2018-eruption-kilauea-was-big-global-scale | |
| 313 | Wildfire | Big Burn | United States | 1910 | The Great Fire of 1910, also known as the Big Burn, was a major wildfire that scorched about 3 million acres in Montana and Idaho. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 1). Great Fire of 1910. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_1910 | |
| 314 | Wildfire | Mann Gulch | United States | 1949 | The Mann Gulch wildfire occurred in Montana in 1949 and tragically claimed the lives of 13 firefighters. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 18). Mann Gulch fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann_Gulch_fire | |
| 315 | Wildfire | Oakland Hills | United States | 1991 | The Oakland Hills fire of 1991 was one of the most destructive urban wildfires in U.S. history. It destroyed over 2,800 homes and claimed 25 lives. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, January 16). Oakland firestorm of 1991. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_firestorm_of_1991 | |
| 316 | Wildfire | Hayman | United States | 2002 | The 2002 Hayman wildfire in Colorado burned over 138,000 acres, one of the largest in Colorado’s history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, October 19). Hayman Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:00, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayman_Fire | |
| 317 | Wildfire | Rodeo Chediski | United States | 2002 | The 2002 Rodeo–Chediski wildfire in Arizona scorched over 468,000 acres, becoming the largest in Arizona's recorded history. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 18). Rodeo–Chediski Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodeo%E2%80%93Chediski_Fire | |
| 318 | Wildfire | Cedar | United States | 2003 | The 2003 Cedar wildfire in San Diego County was massively destructive, burning over 270,000 acres. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, February 20). Cedar Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Fire | |
| 319 | Wildfire | Witch | United States | 2007 | The 2007 Witch wildfire in San Diego County, California, scorched over 197,000 acres. | Wikipedia contributors. (2022, November 26). Witch Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch_Fire | |
| 320 | Wildfire | Griffith Park | United States | 2007 | The Griffith Park wildfire in 2007 burned about 817 acres and briefly threatened the iconic Griffith Observatory. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 12). Griffith Park. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. Dave Gardetta. (2017, December 6). In the Line of Fire. Los Angeles Magazine. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Los Angeles Magazine. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith_Park https://www.lamag.com/longform/in-the-line-of-fire1/ | |
| 321 | Wildfire | Station | United States | 2009 | The 2009 Station wildfire in Los Angeles County, California, burned over 160,000 acres. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 4). Station Fire (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_Fire_(2009) | |
| 322 | Wildfire | Black Saturday | Australia | 2009 | Black Saturday was a series of catastrophic wildfires that occurred in Victoria, Australia, in 2009, which destroyed over 2,000 homes and claimed 173 lives. | "Saving Earth: The Australian Black Saturday Bushfires of 2009." Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 11, 2023, from Encyclopedia Britannica. |
https://www.britannica.com/explore/savingearth/the-australian-black-saturday-bushfires-of-2009 | |
| 323 | Wildfire | Waldo | United States | 2012 | The Waldo Canyon wildfire was a massive wildfire that occurred in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in 2012, destroying 346 homes. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, April 10). Waldo Canyon Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:15, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldo_Canyon_fire | |
| 324 | Wildfire | Yarnell Hill | United States | 2013 | The 2013 Yarnell Hill wildfire in Arizona led to the tragic deaths of 19 members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots, an elite firefighting crew. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 7). Yarnell Hill Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:15, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarnell_Hill_Fire | |
| 325 | Wildfire | Thomas | United States | 2017 | The 2017 Thomas Fire was a devastating wildfire in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, burning over 281,000 acres. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, March 7). Thomas Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:18, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Fire | |
| 326 | Wildfire | Tubbs | United States | 2017 | The 2017 Tubbs wildfire occurred in Napa and Sonoma counties, California, destroying over 5,600 structures. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 3). Tubbs Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:19, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubbs_Fire | |
| 327 | Wildfire | Carr | United States | 2018 | The 2018 Carr wildfire took place in Shasta and Trinity counties, California, burning over 229,000 acres. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 10). Carr Fire. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:19, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carr_Fire | |
| 328 | Wildfire | Camp | United States | 2018 | The 2018 Camp wildfire in Butte County became the deadliest and most destructive in California's history. It claimed 85 lives and destroyed over 18,600 structures. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 8). Camp Fire (2018). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:20, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Fire_(2018) | |
| 329 | Typhoon | Megi | China, Taiwan | 2010 | Typhoon Megi was a powerful Category 5 super typhoon to hit the Philippines in 2010. It destroyed over 148,000 homes. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 23). Typhoon Megi (2010). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:07, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. Borgen Project. (2019, July 18). A Look at the Top 10 Worst Typhoons. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from Borgen Project. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Megi_(2010) https://borgenproject.org/top-10-worst-typhoons/ | |
| 330 | Typhoon | Bopha | Philippines | 2012 | In 2012, a fierce tropical cyclone called Typhoon Bopha hit the Philippines. It intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon, causing 1,900 fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 5). Typhoon Bopha. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:19, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Bopha | |
| 331 | Typhoon | Haiyan | Southeast Asia (including the Philippines) | 2013 | The 2013 Typhoon Haiyan was one of the most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded in southeast Asia, causing over 6,300 fatalities. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 11). Typhoon Haiyan. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:19, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan | |
| 332 | Typhoon | Hato | China, Hong Kong, and Macau | 2017 | In 2017, Typhoon Hato was a strong tropical cyclone that hit China, causing significant damage to Hong Kong and Macau. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 5). Typhoon Hato. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:16, June 11, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Hato | |
| 333 | Typhoon | Hagibis | Japan | 2019 | 2019 Typhoon Hagibis was the strongest typhoon to hit Japan in decades. It was the costliest typhoon on record, with damage estimated at 17.9 billion dollars. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 22). Typhoon Hagibis. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:35, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Hagibis | |
| 334 | Typhoon | Goni | Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos | 2020 | Typhoon Goni, 2020, was a powerful storm that hit the Philippines. Sources say it is the "strongest landfalling tropical cyclone on record." Over 390,000 of the 1 million evacuated couldn't return to their homes. | Wikipedia contributors. (2023, June 17). Typhoon Goni. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:24, June 24, 2023, from Wikipedia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Goni | |
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